hospital English · revision 3360

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=c. 1300|origins=la hospes}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: UK /ˈhɒs.pɪ.təl/, US /ˈhɑː.spɪ.t̬əl/^(Roach et al. 2011)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|enm|hospital]], [[bor|fro|hospital|t=hostel, shelter, lodging]], also ospital,^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988)^(SOED 2002) from [[la-med|hospitāle|t=guesthouse, inn]],^(Etymonline)^(AHD 2000)^(Barnhart 1988) the noun use of the neuter of [[la|hospitālis|t=of a guest or host]],^(Etymonline)^(AHD 2000) from [[m|la|hospes|t=guest; host]], genitive hospitis,^(Etymonline)^(AHD 2000) the source of [[host]].^(Etymonline)^(Cresswell 2021)^(COED 2004) The shift in Latin from the duties of hospitality to buildings may have been through the phrase cubiculum hospitālis “guest-chamber”.^(Etymonline) The same word, contracted, is [[hostel]] and [[hotel]].^(Etymonline)^(Cresswell 2021)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ A house for the reception of pilgrims and travellers, a hospice: about 1300,^(OED 1989)^(Barnhart 1988) or the mid-13th century, “shelter for the needy”.^(Etymonline) Barnhart finds it earlier in the place name Ospitol, 1242–43.^(Barnhart 1988)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ A charitable institution to house and maintain the needy is from the early 15th century^(Etymonline) or 1418.^(OED 1989) An institution for the care of the sick or wounded is from about 1425 in the OED^(OED 1989) and by the 1540s in Etymonline;^(Etymonline) Hoad dates it to the 16th century.^(Hoad 1986) A school for the education of the young, as in the names of some British schools, is from 1552,^(OED 1989) and a hospital for animals from 1613.^(OED 1989) ''In hospital'', “under treatment in a hospital”, is from 1844.^(OED 1989) The American Heritage Dictionary also records the sense “a repair shop”, as in ''a doll hospital''.^(AHD)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1242–43 – in a place name.^(Barnhart 1988)

+ * c. 1300 – a hostel for pilgrims.^(OED 1989)

+ * 1418 – a charitable home for the needy.^(OED 1989)

+ * c. 1425 – an institution for the sick.^(OED 1989)

+ * 1552 – a charitable school.^(OED 1989)

+ * 1844 – ''in hospital''.^(OED 1989)

+

+ ==Modern meaning==

+ ===Noun===

+ # An institution that gives medical and surgical care to the sick and injured.^(AHD)^(SOED 2002)

+ # ''(historical)'' A charitable home, as for the old or for orphans.^(AHD)^(OED 1989)

+ # A repair shop for particular items.^(AHD)

+ # ''(historical)'' A [[hospice]] for travellers or pilgrims.^(AHD)^(OED 1989)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[hospitalman]]

+ * [[hospitalise]]

+ * [[hospitalism]]

+ * [[hospitalization]]

+ * [[hospitalize]]

+ * [[multihospital]]

+ * [[posthospital]]

+ * [[field hospital]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[hospice]]

+ * [[hospitable]]

+ * [[hospitality]]

+ * [[hospitaller]]

+ * [[host]]

+ * [[hostel]]

+ * [[hotel]]

+ * [[hostess]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ An obsolete adjective ''hospital'', “hospitable”, from Latin hospitālis, was used from late Middle English to the early 19th century, as in ''hospital Jove'', protector of guests.^(SOED 2002)^(OED 1989) In Old French ospital could also mean “hospitable”.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}