socors Latin · revision 33590

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=compound|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=ine-pro *ḱērd}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈsɔ.kɔrs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈsɔː.kors]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''socors''' (genitive socordis, comparative socordior, superlative socordissimus, adverb socorditer); third-declension one-termination adjective^(Wiktionary)

+ The length of the first syllable is uncertain in classical Latin but probably short, as it certainly is in Prudentius.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|sē-|cor|t1=apart, without|t2=heart]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan reconstructs the compound as [[itc-pro|*swe-kord-]] or [[m|itc-pro|*sēd-kord-]], with the prefix perhaps assimilated to ⟨so-⟩.^(de Vaan 2008) He traces [[m|la|cor]] to [[m|itc-pro|*kord]] and [[ine-pro|*ḱērd|t=heart]].^(de Vaan 2008) Cognate with [[grc|καρδία|tr=kardía|t=heart]], [[sga|cride|t=heart]] and [[lt|širdìs|t=heart]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan and Köbler date it from Plautus.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Its main sense is wanting in vitality or alertness, sluggish, slack, inert, and with a genitive taking no interest in something.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) Of the mind it is dull or stupid:^(OLD 2012) Cicero describes someone careless and sluggish by nature, ''socors natura neglegensque'',^(Lewis & Short 1879) and Apuleius says the sage Anacharsis was born among the dullest Scythians.^(OLD 2012) Lewis & Short call it rare but classical.^(Lewis & Short 1879) In Church Latin it is silly, foolish, weak-minded.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero, of a careless nature.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 125–175 AD – Apuleius, of the dull Scythians.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # [[m|en|sluggish|alt=Sluggish]], slack, inert, inactive.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # With a genitive: taking no interest in.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Mentally dull, [[m|en|stupid]], foolish, silly.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[sō̆cordia]]

+ * [[sōcorditer]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[cor]]

+ * [[vēcors]]

+ * [[excors]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}