congius Latin · revision 33571

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=borrowing|attested=234–149 BC, Cato|origins=grc κόγχος}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈkɔŋ.ɡi.ʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈkɔn̠ʲ.d͡ʒi.us]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''congius''' ''m'' (genitive congiī or congī); second declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is probably [[bor|grc|κόγχος|tr=kónkhos|t=mussel; a measure]],^(OLD 2012)^(Pokorny 1959)^(Georges 1913) which Pokorny traces to [[ine-pro|*k̑onkho-|t=mussel]], with [[sa|शङ्ख|tr=śaṅkhá-|t=mussel]].^(Pokorny 1959) Wiktionary derives it from the diminutive [[m|grc|κογχίον|tr=konkhíon]].^(Wiktionary) Isidore explained the name from ⟨congiendo⟩, “growing by increase”.^(TLL)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It is found from Cato on,^(Köbler 2010) who uses it in his work on farming.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It was a Roman measure for liquids, six ''sextāriī'' or an eighth of an ''amphora'', about six pints.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Festus defines it as the measure that holds ten pounds of wine,^(TLL) and Livy, Pliny the Elder and Isidore use it.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Late sources also have the spellings ''congis'', ''conzius'' and a neuter ''congium'', and Gregory of Tours has ''condia''.^(TLL) In medieval British Latin it is still a measure of volume, glossed in Old English.^(DMLBS)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 234–149 BC – Cato uses the measure.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy uses the measure.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 560–636 AD – Isidore of Seville explains the name.^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A Roman liquid [[m|en|measure]] of six ''[[sextārius|alt=sextāriī]]'', an eighth of an ''[[amphora]]'' (about 3.3 litres).^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A unit of mass, the weight of a ''congius'' of water.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[congiālis]]

+ * [[congiārius]]

+ * [[congiārium]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[sextārius]]

+ * [[amphora]]

+ * [[en|congius]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}