hortulus Latin · revision 33567

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=itc-pro *χorto-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈhɔr.tʊ.ɫʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈɔr.tu.lus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''hortulus''' ''m'' (genitive hortulī); second declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|hortus|-ulus|t1=garden]], a diminutive.^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan traces [[m|la|hortus]] to [[itc-pro|*χorto-]] and [[ine-pro|*gh(o)r-to-|t=enclosure]].^(de Vaan 2008) Cognate with [[osc|húrz|t=enclosure]], [[grc|χόρτος|tr=khórtos|t=enclosed place, feeding place]] and [[sga|gort|t=field]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Plautus wrote a play called ''Hortulus'', known from Festus,^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010) and the word is otherwise found from Cicero and Catullus on.^(TLL) Matius speaks of manuring his little gardens: ''meos hortulos plus stercoro … quam holero''.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In the singular it is a small garden, as Catullus' flower in a rich master's garden or Juvenal's little garden with a shallow well.^(OLD 2012) Columella uses it of a plot into which a vineyard is divided.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913) In the plural, ''hortulī'' are pleasure grounds or a small park: Cicero has someone who wants to buy ''hortulos'' to enjoy himself without callers.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913) It was also the garden where a philosopher taught: Cicero recalls ''hortulī'' that bring Plato before his eyes,^(OLD 2012) and says that Epicurus watered his gardens from the springs of Democritus, that is, took his ideas from him.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Suetonius names the ''collis hortulōrum'', the hill of gardens later called the Pincian.^(Georges 1913) In medieval British Latin it is a small garden, also used figuratively.^(DMLBS)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – A play of Plautus is called ''Hortulus''.^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero, of pleasure grounds and of philosophers' gardens.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81/79–52/50 BC – Catullus, of a small garden.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1st century AD – Columella, of a plot of a vineyard.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A little [[m|en|garden]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A plot, a subdivision of a [[m|en|vineyard]].^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)

+ # ''(plural)'' Pleasure grounds, gardens, a small [[m|en|park]].^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)

+ # A garden where a philosopher taught;^(OLD 2012) ''(figurative)'' a philosopher's teaching.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[hortulānus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[hortus]]

+ * [[cohors]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}