tuber Latin · revision 33558

+ {{infobox|confidence=uncertain|formation=inherited|attested=190–159 BC, Terence|origins=ine-pro *tewh₂-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈtuː.bɛr]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈtuː.ber]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''tūber''' ''n'' (genitive tūberis); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+ Celsus has the ablative singular ''tūberī''.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ The origin is uncertain.^(de Vaan 2008) Wiktionary takes it as [[inh|itc-pro|*tūβos]], from [[ine-pro|*tewh₂-|t=to swell]],^(Wiktionary)^(Köbler 2010) and the OLD compares [[m|la|tumeō|t=to swell]].^(OLD 2012) De Vaan finds no good etymology: the word might reflect a root for swelling, but its suffix is hard to explain, and the forms of similar shape, [[grc|τύφη|tr=túphē]], a plant used to stuff pillows, and [[non|þúfa|t=knoll, hillock]], differ in meaning or suffix and do not look Indo-European.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It is found from Terence on.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010) In the ''Adelphoe'' someone complains that his whole head is one lump from blows: ''colaphis tuber est totum caput''.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is a swelling or protuberance on the body, natural or from disease, as the hump of a camel in Pliny the Elder,^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) and in medicine a hard tumour, as in Horace's line about a friend's warts and tumours.^(OLD 2012) As ''tūber terrae'' or alone it names a truffle, as in Martial, and a plant with a tuberous root, the cyclamen, in Pliny.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) In Church Latin it is a hump or swelling.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 190–159 BC – Terence, of a head swollen with blows.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 65–8 BC – Horace, of tumours.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 40–102/103 AD – Martial, of the truffle.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1660s – English borrows [[m|en|tuber]] as a botanical term.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|hump]], [[m|en|swelling]], protuberance.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(medicine)'' A hard [[m|en|tumour]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # A [[m|en|truffle]] (also ''tūber terrae'').^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A plant with a tuberous root, the [[m|en|cyclamen]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[tūberātus]]

+ * [[tūberculum]]

+ * [[tūberō]]

+ * [[tūberōsus]]

+ * [[extūberō]]

+ * [[prōtūberō]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[tumeō]]

+ * [[en|tuber]]

+ * [[en|truffle]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ A separate, rarer ''tuber'', with a short ''u'', is a fruit tree, perhaps the azarole, and its fruit (feminine for the tree, masculine for the fruit), found in Pliny the Elder, Columella and Martial;^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary) the OLD files it under ''tubur''.^(OLD 2012) Köbler calls it probably a foreign word whose fruit came from Africa only in AD 36.^(Köbler 2010) Etymonline traces English [[m|en|truffle]], through French, to Late Latin ''tufera'', a word related to this one.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}