attritus Latin · revision 33556

+ {{homograph|1|worn}}

+

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=81–43 BC, Cicero|origins=ine-pro *terh1-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [atˈtriː.tʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [atˈtriː.tus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''attrītus''' (feminine attrīta, neuter attrītum), comparative ''attrītior''; first/second-declension adjective^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ Used as an adjective, it is the past participle [[der|la|atterō|t=to rub against, wear away]].^(OLD 2012)^(TLL) [[m|la|atterō]] is a compound of [[m|la|ad-]] and [[m|la|terō|t=to rub]],^(de Vaan 2008) which de Vaan traces to [[itc-pro|*tera-]] and [[ine-pro|*terh1-|t=to rub]].^(de Vaan 2008) Cognate with [[grc|τείρω|tr=teírō|t=to distress, weaken]] and [[lt|tìrti|t=to investigate]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The OLD's earliest quotation is from Cicero's Verrines, of the chin of a statue that is a little more worn than the rest: ''mentum paulo sit attritius''.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Its first sense is worn down by use, or deliberately rubbed smooth, as a kind of chrysocolla in Pliny the Elder.^(OLD 2012) Martial uses it of a face hardened against shame, brazen,^(OLD 2012) and of oratorical style it is thin or attenuated: in Tacitus' ''Dialogus'' Calvus is said to have seemed bloodless and thin to Cicero.^(OLD 2012) In Church Latin it means hard.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero, of a worn statue.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 40–102/103 AD – Martial, of a brazen face.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 98–115 AD – Tacitus, of a thin style.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # [[m|en|worn|alt=Worn]] down by use; rubbed smooth.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Hardened, [[m|en|brazen]].^(OLD 2012)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # Of style: thin, [[m|en|attenuated]].^(OLD 2012)

+

+ {{homograph|2|rubbing}}

+

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=4 BC–65 AD, Seneca|origins=ine-pro *terh1-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [atˈtriː.tʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [atˈtriː.tus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''attrītus''' ''m'' (genitive attrītūs); fourth declension^(Wiktionary)

+ It is also spelled ''adtrītus''.^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)

+ The ablative is the usual form.^(TLL)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ The noun is [[af|la|atterō|-tus|t1=to rub against]].^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan traces [[m|la|terō|t=to rub]] to [[itc-pro|*tera-]] and [[ine-pro|*terh1-]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Lewis & Short call it post-Augustan.^(Lewis & Short 1879) The OLD's earliest quotations are from Seneca, of millstones whose rubbing breaks the grain and of boars' tusks sharpened by friction.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is the action of rubbing, friction, or grinding:^(OLD 2012) Pliny the Elder has boars hardening their flanks by rubbing against trees.^(Lewis & Short 1879) In medicine it is chafing or abrasion of the skin, as in Seneca's sides ulcerated by chafing, and of plants it is bruising.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 4 BC–65 AD – Seneca, of millstones grinding grain.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 23/24–79 AD – Pliny the Elder, of boars rubbing against trees.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A rubbing, [[m|en|friction]]; grinding.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Chafing of the skin, [[m|en|abrasion]]; of plants, bruising.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[atterō]]

+ * [[terō]]

+ * [[attrītiō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}