hisco Latin · revision 33553

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=ine-pro *ǵhih1-sḱé-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈhiːs.koː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈis.ko]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''hīscō''' (present infinitive hīscere); third conjugation, no perfect or supine stems^(Wiktionary)

+ The OLD prints the head as ''hiscō'', with a short ''i''.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|hiō|-scō|t1=to gape]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan lists it among the derivatives of [[m|la|hiō]], which he traces to [[itc-pro|*χi-ā-]]; his reconstruction for the verb with the inchoative suffix is [[ine-pro|*ǵhih1-sḱé-|t=to gape, be wide open]].^(de Vaan 2008) He compares [[lt|žióti|t=to open the mouth]] and [[goh|ginēn|t=to be wide open]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It is found from Plautus on.^(de Vaan 2008) In the ''Pseudolus'' someone hushes another because the house is opening: ''st! tace, aedes hiscunt''.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It means to open, gape or split open, as cracks gape in Lucretius and the earth in Ovid.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) In the metrist Terentianus Maurus it is to form a hiatus.^(OLD 2012) Most often it is to open the mouth to speak, as the least one can do: Accius has a captive afraid to open her mouth, in the ''Philippics'' Cicero asks whether his opponent will dare even to open his mouth, and Livy has consuls unable to utter a word.^(OLD 2012) With an object it is to utter, as in Ovid and Juvenal, and Propertius uses it of singing of kings' deeds.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus, of a house opening.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 170–c. 90 BC – Accius, of opening the mouth to speak.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero, of daring to open one's mouth.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To (begin to) open, [[m|en|gape]], split open.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To open the mouth to speak; to [[m|en|mutter]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To [[m|en|utter]], say; to sing of.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[dehīscō]]

+ * [[inhisco]]

+ * [[circumhīscō]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[hiō]]

+ * [[hiātus]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}