fragmen Latin · revision 33542

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=120–67 BC, Sisenna|origins=ine-pro *bhr-n-ǵ-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈfraɡ.mɛn]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈfraɡ.men]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''fragmen''' ''n'' (genitive fragminis); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|frangō|-men|t1=to break]].^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan traces the verb to [[itc-pro|*frang-]] and the nasal present [[ine-pro|*bhr-n-ǵ-|t=to break]], comparing [[goh|brehhan|t=to break]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan and Köbler date it from Sisenna,^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010) whose history has ''dissipatis imbricum fragminibus'', with the pieces of the roof tiles scattered.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is a piece broken off, a fragment, and is mostly plural: Lewis & Short note that ''fragmina'' is poetic and post-Augustan for the classical [[fragmentum|alt=fragmenta]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Lucretius has a stream sweeping along fragments of woods, Virgil fragments of oars and of a sword blade, and Ovid the wreckage of a ship and chips of wood laid for a fire.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) In the singular it is a piece of rock, as in Virgil's ''ingenti fragmine montis'', a huge fragment of a mountain.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(OLD 2012) Tacitus has fragments of weapons lying beside the limbs of horses, and Suetonius crumbs of bread.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ Valerius Flaccus and Silius Italicus use it apparently of the breaking itself, as Silius' rocks that split a mountain with a resounding crash.^(OLD 2012) Church Latin uses it for a fragment or piece.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 120–67 BC – Sisenna, of broken roof tiles.^(OLD 2012)^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 96–55 BC – Lucretius, of fragments of woods carried by a stream.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil, of a fragment of a mountain and of broken oars.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * end of 1st century AD – Valerius Flaccus, apparently of the breaking itself.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A piece broken off, a [[m|en|fragment]]; in the plural, fragments, [[m|en|ruins]], [[m|en|wreckage]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(plural)'' Chips of wood.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # A piece of rock.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # The act of breaking; a [[m|en|fracture]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[fragilis]]

+ * [[fragmentum]]

+ * [[fragor]]

+ * [[frangō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}