proventus Latin · revision 33538

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 50 BC, Caesar|origins=ine-pro *gʷem-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [proːˈwɛn.tʊs], [proːˈwɛn.tuːs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [proˈvɛn.tus], [proˈvɛn.tus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''prōventus''' ''m'' (genitive prōventūs); fourth declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|prōveniō|-tus|t1=to come forth]].^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Wiktionary) The verb is a compound of [[m|la|prō-]] and [[m|la|veniō|t=to come]], which goes back to [[ine-pro|*gʷem-|t=to come]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler's first source is Cicero,^(Köbler 2010) but Lewis & Short say Cicero does not use it.^(Lewis & Short 1879) The OLD's earliest examples are in Caesar: ''intenti pugnae proventum exspectabant'', they waited intently for the outcome of the battle.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Its first concrete sense is a coming forth, the springing up and growth of plants and the increase of animals,^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) as in Columella and Pliny the Elder.^(OLD 2012) From this it is the produce or yield of a plant or field, a crop: Virgil has the year load the furrows with produce.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) With a sense of time it is the harvest, as in Pliny's turnips that last almost to the next crop.^(OLD 2012) It was also used of the offspring of animals, and of a crop or supply of other things, as Quintilian's great crop of orators and Lucan's new crop of crimes.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ From the outcome of an undertaking it came to mean its progress and success, as in Caesar.^(OLD 2012) Church Latin used it for a result or issue, birth, revenue and increase,^(Stelten 1995) and in medieval Latin it was an event, and income or proceeds.^(Niermeyer 1976) It survives in [[m|it|provento]] and [[m|es|provento]].^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 50 BC – Caesar, of the outcome of a battle and the success of earlier operations.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil, of the produce of the fields.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 43 BC–18 AD – Ovid, of the growth of fruit.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 23/24–79 AD – Pliny the Elder, of growth, harvest and the young of bees.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A springing up, [[m|en|growth]] (of plants); increase (of animals).^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Growth, advance (of abstract things).^(OLD 2012)

+ # Produce, [[m|en|yield]], [[m|en|crop]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # [[m|en|harvest]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # Offspring, issue (of animals).^(OLD 2012)

+ # A crop, supply (of other things).^(OLD 2012)

+ # Progress, outcome; success.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' An event; [[m|en|income]], proceeds.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[prōveniō]]

+ * [[veniō]]

+ * [[ēventus]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}