patrona Latin · revision 33530

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=ine-pro *ph₂tḗr}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [paˈtroː.na]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [paˈtrɔː.na]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''patrōna''' ''f'' (genitive patrōnae); first declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[der|la|patrōnus|t=patron, protector]], its feminine form.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Lewis & Short 1879) That noun is formed from [[m|la|pater|t=father]],^(Wiktionary)^(de Vaan 2008) which de Vaan traces to [[itc-pro|*pater-]] and [[ine-pro|*ph₂tḗr|t=father]].^(de Vaan 2008) Cognate with [[osc|patir]], [[grc|πατήρ|tr=patḗr]] and [[goh|fater]].^(de Vaan 2008) The origin of the PIE word is disputed: it may come from a root ⟨*ph₂-⟩ “to protect”, or be a ⟨*-ter-⟩ derivative of a nursery word ⟨*pa⟩.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan and Köbler record it first in Plautus,^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010) who uses it of a goddess as a protectress, ''qui sunt qui a patrona preces mea expetessunt?'', “who are they who seek prayers from my patroness?”, and also of the patroness of a freedman.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It means a woman who protects someone, and in particular the former mistress of a freedman or freedwoman,^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) the sense found in Pliny the Younger and Tacitus.^(Conte 2010) In Terence, Thais is told ''te mihi patronam capio'', “I take you as my patroness”,^(Lewis & Short 1879) and Catullus addresses a goddess as ''patrōna virgō''.^(Conte 2010) Figuratively, Cicero calls the right of appeal ''patrōna illa cīvitātis'', “that protectress of the state”, and Plautus uses it of the tongue.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Conte 2010) In medieval Britain it was used of the Virgin as patroness of an order, and since the 13th century of a woman who held the right to present a priest to a church.^(DMLBS) Italian has ''patrona'' from the Latin word.^(Conte 2010)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of a protectress and of a freedman's patroness.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 190–159 BC – Terence has ''te mihi patronam capio''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it figuratively of the right of appeal.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1262 – A British document calls nuns the patronesses of a church.^(DMLBS)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|protectress]], [[m|en|patroness]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # The patroness (former mistress) of a [[m|en|freedman]] or freedwoman.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # ''(figurative)'' A safeguard, defender.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Conte 2010)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' A patron [[m|en|saint]] (female); a woman holding the [[m|en|advowson]] of a church.^(DMLBS)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[patrōnus]]

+ * [[pater]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ The ''Catholicon Anglicum'' (1483) also has ''patrona'' for a mould to cast in, a word Köbler calls of unclear origin.^(DMLBS)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}