irrationalis Latin · revision 33518

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=14–37 AD, Celsus|origins=la reor}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ɪr.ra.ti.oːˈnaː.lɪs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ir.rat.t͡si.oˈnaː.lis]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''irratiōnālis''' (neuter irratiōnāle); third-declension two-termination adjective^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|in-|ratiōnālis|t1=not|t2=rational, of reason]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Köbler 2010) De Vaan derives [[m|la|ratiō|t=calculation, account, reason]] from the participle of [[m|la|reor|t=to think, reckon]], whose original sense he takes to be “to count”; he traces the verb to [[itc-pro|*rē-]] and [[ine-pro|*Hreh₁-]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler records it first in Celsus.^(Köbler 2010) In the 1st century AD Seneca and Quintilian use it of a creature without reason, ''animal irratiōnāle''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Lewis & Short mark it as post-Augustan.^(Lewis & Short 1879) It describes beings without the power of reason, above all animals,^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913) and Quintilian also uses it of a practice done mechanically, without method, for which he gives a Greek equivalent.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913) He also uses the neuter plural ''irratiōnālia'' as a noun, “creatures without reason”.^(Lewis & Short 1879) The grammarians Diomedes and Martianus Capella set it against ''ratiōnālis''.^(Georges 1913) In Christian Latin Tertullian speaks of an ''anima irratiōnālis'' and has the adverb ''irratiōnāliter'', “irrationally”.^(Lewis & Short 1879) In medieval British Latin it is used of souls, animals and the world, of faculties or acts without a rational foundation, and in mathematics of an irrational line, also called ''surda''.^(DMLBS)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 14–37 AD – First recorded, in Celsus.^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 4 BC–65 AD – Seneca, in his letters, of animals without reason.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 35–95/96 AD – Quintilian, of animals and of mechanical practice.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 160–220 AD – Tertullian, of the soul, and the adverb ''irratiōnāliter''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Without [[m|en|reason]], [[m|en|irrational]], unreasoning (of animals and other beings).^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913)

+ # Done without method, [[m|en|mechanical]] (of practice or exercise).^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913)

+ # ''(as a noun, neuter plural)'' Creatures or things without reason.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' Lacking a rational basis, unreasonable.^(DMLBS)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin, mathematics)'' Irrational, ''surd'' (of a line or quantity).^(DMLBS)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[irratiōnābilis]]

+ * [[ratiōnālis]]

+ * [[ratiō]]

+ * [[en|irrational]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ The OLD treats it as the same word as ''irratiōnābilis'', “unreasoning, irrational”;^(OLD 2012) spellings with ''inr-'' occur in manuscripts.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(TLL)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}