fulmineus Latin · revision 33510

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=96–55 BC, Lucretius|origins=ine-pro *bʰl̥g-e/o-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [fʊɫˈmɪ.ne.ʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [fulˈmiː.ne.us]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''fulmineus''' (feminine fulminea, neuter fulmineum); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|fulmen|-eus|t1=lightning, thunderbolt]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan derives [[m|la|fulmen]], from an older form with ⟨-gm-⟩, from [[m|la|fulgō|t=to flash, shine]], and calls that derivation certain.^(de Vaan 2008) The verb goes back to [[itc-pro|*folg-e/o-|t=to shine]] and [[ine-pro|*bʰl̥g-e/o-|t=to shine]].^(de Vaan 2008) Cognate with [[grc|φλέγω|tr=phlégō|t=to burn]] and [[m|grc|φλόξ|tr=phlóx|t=flame]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Lucretius,^(de Vaan 2008) who speaks of ''fulmineus ignis'', “the fire of the thunderbolt”;^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Köbler's first source is Horace.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Lewis & Short call it poetic.^(Lewis & Short 1879) It first means belonging to or caused by lightning, as in Horace's and Ovid's ''ictus'', the stroke of the thunderbolt,^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) and then like a flash of lightning or a peal of thunder.^(OLD 2012) Figuratively it describes what acts like lightning, in speed or destructiveness: Virgil's ''fulmineus Mnestheus'',^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) and in Silius Italicus a tigress running with the speed of lightning.^(OLD 2012) Lewis & Short also give the senses sparkling, splendid.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary) Ecclesiastical Latin keeps the senses “of lightning” and “brilliant” and adds “dangerous”.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 96–55 BC – Lucretius, of the fire of lightning.^(OLD 2012)^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 65–8 BC – Horace, of the thunderbolt's stroke.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil, figuratively of a warrior.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 25–101 AD – Silius Italicus, of lightning speed.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Of or caused by [[m|en|lightning]] or the [[m|en|thunderbolt]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Like a flash of lightning or a peal of [[m|en|thunder]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # Acting like lightning, swift or destructive; having the speed of lightning.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(figurative)'' Sparkling, [[m|en|brilliant]], splendid.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[fulmen]]

+ * [[fulminō]]

+ * [[fulgō]]

+ * [[fulgur]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}