sputum Latin · revision 33485

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=96–55 BC, Lucretius|origins=ine-pro *sp(i)uH-ie/o-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈspuː.tũː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈspuː.tum]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''spūtum''' ''n'' (genitive spūtī); second declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[der|la|spuō|t=to spit]], the neuter of its perfect passive participle ⟨spūtus⟩ used as a noun.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline) De Vaan traces [[m|la|spuō]] back to [[ine-pro|*sp(i)uH-ie/o-|t=to spit]] and the participle to [[m|ine-pro|*sp(i)Huto-|t=spat]], an onomatopoeic formation whose initial sounds were probably reshaped again by onomatopoeia.^(de Vaan 2008) Cognate with [[sa|ष्ठीवति|tr=ṣṭhīvati|t=to spit]], [[grc|πτύω|tr=ptúō|t=to spit]], [[lt|spiáuti]] and [[ang|spīwan|t=to spit]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan and Köbler record it first in Lucretius,^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010) who has it in the plural.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is spittle, in the singular in Celsus and Pliny the Elder and in the plural in Lucretius, Propertius, Petronius, Seneca and Martial.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(OLD 2012) Martial also used it, by transfer, of a thin plate of metal.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Ecclesiastical Latin kept the sense “spittle”.^(Stelten 1995) English borrowed it in the 1690s as a medical word for matter coughed up from the lungs.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 96–55 BC – Lucretius uses the plural.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 14–37 AD – Celsus uses the singular.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ * 57/46–12 BC – Propertius has the plural.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ * 23/24–79 AD – Pliny the Elder uses it.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ * 40–102/103 AD – Martial uses it of spittle and of a thin metal plate.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ * 1690s – Borrowed into English as [[m|en|sputum]].^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # [[m|en|spittle|alt=Spittle]], [[m|en|spit]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # (transferred) A thin plate of metal.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[spuō]]

+ * [[spūtō]]

+ * [[exspuō]]

+ * [[respuō]]

+ * [[en|sputum]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}