pronuntiatio Latin · revision 33454

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=81–43 BC, Cicero|origins=la nūntius}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [proː.nuːn.tiˈaː.ti.oː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [pro.nun.t͡siˈat.t͡si.o]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''prōnūntiātiō''' ''f'' (genitive prōnūntiātiōnis); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+ Also spelled ''prōnunciātiō''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|prōnūntiō|-tiō|t1=to proclaim, pronounce]].^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Wiktionary) That verb is formed from [[m|la|prō-]] and [[m|la|nūntiō|t=to announce]], itself from [[m|la|nūntius|t=messenger]].^(OLD 2012)^(de Vaan 2008) De Vaan reconstructs ⟨*nountio-⟩ for that noun but finds its further origin unclear: it has been linked with the root [[ine-pro|*neuH-|t=to cry]] and with [[m|la|novus|t=new]], a derivation he finds morphologically unlikely.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler records it first in Cicero,^(Köbler 2010) who uses it of a judicial verdict;^(OLD 2012) the TLL finds it in the rhetorical writers from the ''Rhetorica ad Herennium'' on,^(TLL) which defines delivery: ''prōnūntiātiō est vōcis, vultūs, gestūs moderātiō cum venustāte'', “delivery is the graceful control of voice, face and gesture”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Its earliest senses are public: a proclamation, as in Caesar,^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) and a judge's verdict, in Cicero and later the jurists.^(OLD 2012) Cicero also uses it in logic for a proposition, which must be either true or false,^(OLD 2012) and the jurists of a declaration in a legal transaction.^(OLD 2012) The TLL notes that it is common in the rhetoricians and grammarians, above all in Quintilian, and rare elsewhere.^(TLL) In rhetoric it is oratorical delivery, the management of voice, face and gesture;^(OLD 2012) Vitruvius uses it of actors speaking their lines;^(OLD 2012) and Quintilian of the way a word or sound is spoken, its pronunciation or tone.^(OLD 2012) In Ecclesiastical Latin it is publication, judgement and pronouncement,^(Stelten 1995) and in Medieval Latin an arbitrator's award.^(Niermeyer 1976) English took ''pronunciation'' in the early 15th century, from Old French and directly from the Latin word.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of a verdict and of a logical proposition.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 50 BC – Caesar uses it of a proclamation.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 84–c. 25 BC – Vitruvius uses it of actors speaking their lines.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 35–95/96 AD – Quintilian uses it of delivery and pronunciation.^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 140–180 AD – Gaius uses it of the wording of a stipulation.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * Medieval Latin – It is used of an arbitrator's award.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+ * early 15th century – Borrowed into English as [[m|en|pronunciation]].^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A public [[m|en|announcement]], [[m|en|proclamation]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # A judicial pronouncement, [[m|en|verdict]].^(OLD 2012)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # An open declaration, especially of a party in a legal transaction;^(OLD 2012) ''(logic)'' a [[m|en|proposition]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # Utterance, speech, diction.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # ''(rhetoric)'' Oratorical [[m|en|delivery]], including voice, gesture and facial expression; the speaking of an actor's lines.^(OLD 2012)

+ # The way a word is spoken, [[m|en|pronunciation]] or tone.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' An arbitrator's [[m|en|award]].^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[prōnūntiābilis]]

+ * [[prōnūntiātīvus]]

+ * [[prōnūntiātor]]

+ * [[prōnūntiō]]

+ * [[nūntius]]

+ * [[ēnūntiātiō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}