muria Latin · revision 33434

+ {{infobox|confidence=uncertain|attested=234–149 BC, Cato}}

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''muria''' ''f'' (genitive muriae); first declension^(Wiktionary)

+ A by-form ''muriēs'', genitive ''muriēī'', is used by Cato and Fabius Pictor and explained by Festus.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913)

+ No plural is found, as the grammarian Charisius already noted.^(TLL)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ Its origin is uncertain.^(OLD 2012)^(TLL) Saalfeld, Lewis & Short and Gaffiot connect it with [[grc|ἁλμυρίς|tr=halmurís|t=saltiness, brine]],^(Saalfeld 1874)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Gaffiot 2016) which Wiktionary describes as an old fishermen's term, used beside [[m|grc|ἅλμη|tr=hálmē|t=brine]] for a fish sauce;^(Wiktionary) Wiktionary also mentions [[ine-pro|*(s)mewk-|t=damp, slimy]], and Köbler connects it with [[ine-pro|*meur-|t=damp; marsh]].^(Wiktionary)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It is first found in Cato's treatise on farming,^(Köbler 2010) of olives preserved green in brine: ''oleae condūntur vel viridēs in muriā''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is the brine used for pickling,^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913) mostly in technical writers from Cato on, such as Celsus, Columella and Pliny the Elder, but also in Horace's satires and Petronius.^(TLL) Tuna and other cheap fish were preserved in it and eaten with it,^(Georges 1913) so that it also meant a fish sauce or condiment; the scholia on Horace say that the ancients called fish sauce ''muria'' and that this was its name in the language of the Syrians.^(TLL) Festus describes the ''muriēs'' of the Vestal Virgins, made of coarse salt pounded, baked in a sealed pot and dissolved in water, which they used in sacrifices.^(TLL) Isidore defines it as water mixed with salt until it tastes like the sea.^(TLL) Medieval writers in Britain glossed it as brine and also as the dregs of oil, confusing it with ''amurca''.^(DMLBS)^(TLL) It survives in [[it|moia]], [[ro|moare]], [[fro|muire]] and [[es|muera]].^(TLL)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 234–149 BC – Cato uses it of brine for olives.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 65–8 BC – Horace mentions it in his satires.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 14–37 AD – Celsus uses it in medicine.^(Georges 1913)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 23/24–79 AD – Pliny the Elder mentions fish preserved in it.^(Georges 1913)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 560–636 AD – Isidore defines it as salt water.^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * Medieval Latin – Glossed as brine and as dregs of oil.^(DMLBS)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # [[m|en|brine|alt=Brine]] used for [[m|en|pickle|alt=pickling]], salt liquor.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913)

+ # A [[m|en|fish sauce]] or condiment made from brine.^(TLL)^(Georges 1913)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' [[m|en|dregs|alt=Dregs]] of oil.^(DMLBS)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[muriāticus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[garum]]

+ * [[amurca]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}