sibilo Latin · revision 33425

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=onomatopoeia|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈsiː.bɪ.ɫoː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈsiː.bi.lo]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''sībilō''' (present infinitive sībilāre, perfect active sībilāvī, supine sībilātum); first conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+ Nonius records a by-form ''sīfilō''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ The OLD derives it from the noun [[m|la|sībilus|t=a hiss, whistle]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan points out that the verb is attested earlier than the noun, so it may be the older word, and he takes both as probably onomatopoeic, imitating a sound ⟨sīb-⟩ (or ⟨sī-⟩ with a suffix).^(de Vaan 2008) For the noun Köbler compares [[ine-pro|*su̯ei-|t=to hiss, whistle]].^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It is found first in Plautus,^(de Vaan 2008) of people who stare at someone in the street, nod, wink and hiss: ''conspiciant omnes, nutent, nictent, sibilent''.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The ''Rhetorica ad Herennium'' gives it as an example of a word made by imitating a sound, beside ''rudere'' and ''mūgīre''.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) It is used of snakes hissing, in Virgil, Propertius and Ovid,^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Conte 2010) of a red-hot iron plunged into water, in Ovid,^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Conte 2010) of ropes, wind and weapons whistling, in Silius, Lucan and Ammianus,^(Lewis & Short 1879) and of hissing in disapproval: Cicero uses it of hissing in disapproval,^(Conte 2010) and in Horace a speaker says ''populus mē sībilat, at mihi plaudō ipse domī'', “the people hiss me, but I applaud myself at home”.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Lewis & Short call it classical but rare.^(Lewis & Short 1879) In Ecclesiastical Latin it keeps the senses to hiss and to whistle.^(Stelten 1995) English ''sibilate'' (1650s) is from its participle.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of people hissing at a passer-by.^(OLD 2012)^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of hissing in disapproval.^(Conte 2010)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 65–8 BC – Horace uses it transitively, “to hiss at”.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil uses it of serpents.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Conte 2010)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 43 BC–18 AD – Ovid uses it of hot iron in water.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 390 AD – Ammianus Marcellinus uses it of whistling weapons.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1650s – English borrows ''sibilate'' from its participle.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To make a [[m|en|hissing]] or [[m|en|whistling]] sound.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # To hiss in disrespect or [[m|en|disapproval]]; transitively, to hiss at someone.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[assībilō]]

+ * [[exsībilō]]

+ * [[īnsībilō]]

+ * [[obsībilō]]

+ * [[resibilo]]

+ * [[sībilātiō]]

+ * [[sībilātrīx]]

+ * [[sibilatus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[sībilus]]

+ * [[en|sibilant]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}