transfodio Latin · revision 33423

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 50 BC, Caesar|origins=la fodiō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [trãːfˈfɔ.di.oː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [transˈfɔː.di.o]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''trānsfodiō''' (present infinitive trānsfodere, perfect active trānsfōdī, supine trānsfossum); third (-iō variant) conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|trāns-|fodiō|t1=across, through|t2=to dig, pierce]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan traces [[m|la|fodiō]] to [[itc-pro|*foþ-i-]] and [[ine-pro|*bhodh-i-|t=to poke, dig]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Its earliest quotation in the OLD is from Caesar, who writes that men who fell into the pits were run through: ''in scrobes delati transfodiebantur''.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Conte 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Its main sense is to pierce with a weapon, to run through:^(OLD 2012) Livy writes of a consul who ran a fleeing Gaul through the side,^(Conte 2010)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Tacitus of an eye pierced,^(Lewis & Short 1879) and Pliny the Elder of a snail pierced with a needle.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Virgil uses the passive participle with an accusative of the part, in the Greek manner: ''pectora duro transfossi ligno'', “pierced in the breast by the hard wood”.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913)^(Conte 2010) Livy also uses it in its literal sense of digging through a wall to make a way into a city.^(OLD 2012)^(Conte 2010) Lewis & Short note that it is classical but not found in Cicero.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 50 BC – Caesar uses it of men run through in pits.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil has ''pectora transfossī''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy uses it of piercing a fleeing enemy and of digging through a wall.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 23/24–79 AD – Pliny the Elder uses it of piercing a snail with a needle.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 98–115 AD – Tacitus has ''trānsfossō oculō''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To dig through to the other side of.^(OLD 2012)^(Conte 2010)

+ # To [[m|en|pierce]] with a weapon, run through, [[m|en|stab]], [[m|en|transfix]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[fodiō]]

+ * [[cōnfodiō]]

+ * [[perfodiō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}