ecquando Latin · revision 33417

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=compound|attested=81–43 BC, Cicero}}

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''ecquandō''' (not comparable)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|ec-|quandō|t2=when]],^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) with the particle that Lewis & Short compare with [[m|la|ecce|t=behold]].^(Lewis & Short 1879) De Vaan traces [[m|la|ecce]] to [[itc-pro|*ek]] reinforced with ⟨-ce⟩.^(de Vaan 2008) The TLL instead takes it as grown together from the conjunction [[m|la|et|t=and]] and interrogative [[m|la|quandō]].^(TLL)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler records it first in Cicero,^(Köbler 2010) who uses it in indignant questions in the Verrines: ''ecquando te rationem factorum tuorum redditurum putasti?'', “did you ever think you would have to give an account of your deeds?”.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Lewis & Short call it rare but Classical and note that it belongs to passionate, often indignant questions.^(Lewis & Short 1879) It is used in direct questions, “ever?”, as Caelius' ''ecquando tu hominem ineptiorem vidisti?'', “have you ever seen a sillier man?”,^(Conte 2010)^(Lewis & Short 1879) and in indirect ones, “whether ever”, as in Cicero's ''quaero ecquando nisi per XXXV tribus creati sint'', “I ask whether they were ever elected except by the thirty-five tribes”.^(OLD 2012)^(Conte 2010) Conte also cites the historian Quadrigarius.^(Conte 2010) Livy, Seneca and Valerius Flaccus have it too.^(Lewis & Short 1879) With the particle ''-ne'' added, ''ecquandone'', it is in Propertius, Velleius and Apuleius.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero, in direct and indirect questions.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 57/46–12 BC – Propertius has ''ecquandone''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adverb===

+ # ''(in direct questions)'' At any time?, ever?^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(in indirect questions)'' Whether at any time.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[quandō]]

+ * [[ecquis]]

+ * [[ecce]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}