obturbo Latin · revision 33409

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=la turba}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ɔpˈtʊr.boː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [obˈtur.bo]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''obturbō''' (present infinitive obturbāre, perfect active obturbāvī, supine obturbātum); first conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+ Also spelled ''opturbō'', which the TLL finds only in one manuscript of Plautus.^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|ob-|turbō#1|t1=against, in the way|t2=to disturb]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(TLL) De Vaan lists it among the derivatives of [[m|la|turba|t=turmoil, crowd]], whose origin is uncertain: he finds a link with [[sa|त्वरते|tr=tvarate|t=to hurry]] doubtful in form, and thinks that it and [[grc|τύρβη|tr=túrbē|t=noise, commotion]] were probably both borrowed from a third language.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It is first found in Plautus,^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012) where a speaker says ''ne obturba ac tace'', “don't interrupt, and be quiet”.^(OLD 2012)^(Conte 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In Plautus it means to break in on someone with a disturbance.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913) Cicero writes that writing and study do not soothe his grief but at least dull it, ''non leniunt, sed obturbant''.^(Georges 1913)^(Conte 2010) The literal sense, to stir up water and make it muddy, is in Pliny the Elder.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913) Tacitus uses it of throwing troops into confusion, of a man drowned out by the shouts of soldiers, and of senators who protested and obstructed a debate.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)^(Conte 2010) Seneca uses it of confusing the mind,^(OLD 2012) and Pliny the Younger has the impersonal passive ''obturbatur'', “there was an uproar”.^(Georges 1913)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus, “to interrupt”.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero, of study dulling grief.^(Georges 1913)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 4 BC–65 AD – Seneca, of confusing the mind.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 23/24–79 AD – Pliny the Elder, of muddying water.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 98–115 AD – Tacitus, of throwing troops into disorder and of shouting down.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To stir up (water) in front of one, to make [[m|en|turbid]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # To throw (troops) into [[m|en|confusion]] or disorder.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)

+ # To [[m|en|interrupt]] or disturb with noise; to shout down; intransitively, to make an uproar.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)

+ # To confuse or [[m|en|distract]] the mind; to dull (grief); to dazzle (the eyes).^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[obturbator]]

+ * [[obturbātiō]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[turbō#1]]

+ * [[turba]]

+ * [[conturbō]]

+ * [[perturbō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}