sistrum Latin · revision 33406

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=70–19 BC, Virgil|origins=grc σείω}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈsiːs.trũː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈsis.trum]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''sīstrum''' ''n'' (genitive sīstrī); second declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|grc|σεῖστρον|tr=seîstron|t=rattle]],^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary) from [[m|grc|σείω|tr=seíō|t=to shake]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler records it first in Virgil,^(Köbler 2010) who gives it to Cleopatra as if it were her war trumpet.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It was the metal rattle used in the worship of [[m|en|Isis]],^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) made, Georges explains, of small metal rods pushed through a sheet of metal.^(Georges 1913) Ovid, Seneca, Martial, Juvenal and Apuleius mention it in the cult of Isis,^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913) and Propertius and Lucan repeat Virgil's picture of Cleopatra.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913) The Vulgate also uses it of the Jews,^(Lewis & Short 1879) and Isidore of Seville mentions it.^(Lewis & Short 1879) In Ecclesiastical Latin it can mean a [[m|en|cornet]].^(Stelten 1995) It survives in Italian [[m|it|sistro]].^(Conte 2010)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil, of Cleopatra's rattle.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 43 BC–18 AD – Ovid, of the rattle of Isis.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 125–175 AD – Apuleius describes it in the rites of Isis.^(Georges 1913)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 390–406 AD – The Vulgate uses it of the Jews.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 560–636 AD – Isidore of Seville mentions it.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|sistrum]], a metal [[m|en|rattle]] used in the worship of Isis.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # ''(Ecclesiastical Latin)'' A [[m|en|cornet]].^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[sistrātus]]

+ * [[sistriger]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}