ardenter Latin · revision 33399

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=81–43 BC, Cicero|origins=ine-pro *h₂eh₁s-eh₁-}}

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''ārdenter''' (comparative ārdentius, superlative ārdentissimē)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|ārdēns|-ter|t1=burning]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan derives the verb [[m|la|ārdeō|t=to burn]] from [[m|la|āridus|t=dry]], and that adjective from [[m|la|āreō|t=to be dry]], which he traces to [[itc-pro|*ās-ē-|t=to be dry]] and [[ine-pro|*h₂eh₁s-eh₁-|t=to be dry]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler records it first in Cicero,^(Köbler 2010) who in the ''Tusculan Disputations'' uses the comparative of thirsting all the more burningly for pleasures the more abundantly one drinks them in.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Cicero uses it of desire, ''quod cupias ardenter'', “what you desire passionately”, and of zeal, asking who could urge people to virtue more ardently.^(OLD 2012) Pliny the Younger and Suetonius have it of loving ardently,^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913) and Frontinus and Apuleius of eager effort.^(OLD 2012) The sense “with burning effect” occurs only in that figurative passage.^(OLD 2012) British Medieval Latin keeps the sense “ardently”, as when Eriugena writes that truth is loved the more ardently the more it is sought.^(DMLBS)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero, “passionately” and “eagerly”.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 75–c. 150 AD – Suetonius, of loving ardently.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 125–175 AD – Apuleius, of zealous effort.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * Medieval Latin – still “ardently” in British writers.^(DMLBS)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adverb===

+ # With burning or parching effect (figuratively).^(OLD 2012)

+ # [[m|en|passionately|alt=Passionately]], [[m|en|ardently]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # With enthusiasm, [[m|en|eagerly]], zealously.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[ārdeō]]

+ * [[ārdor]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}