pavesco Latin · revision 33396

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=derivation|attested=86–34 BC, Sallust|origins=itc-pro *paw-ē-}}

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''pavēscō''' (present infinitive pavēscere); third conjugation, no perfect or supine stems^(Wiktionary)

+ Manuscripts often spell it ''pavisco''.^(TLL)

+ The TLL lists perfect forms under it, though they could also belong to ''paveō''.^(TLL)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|paveō|-ēscō|t1=to be afraid]], an inchoative verb.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Lewis & Short 1879) De Vaan traces [[m|la|paveō]] to [[itc-pro|*paw-ē-|t=to be frightened]] and [[ine-pro|*pou-eh₁-|t=to fear]], following Schrijver's link with Celtic words for fear such as [[sga|omun]] and [[sga|úath]].^(de Vaan 2008) Walde–Hofmann and Ernout–Meillet instead take it as the stative partner of [[m|la|paviō|t=to strike]], “to be struck” and so “to fear”, which de Vaan thinks possible.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Lewis & Short call it mostly post-Augustan;^(Lewis & Short 1879) its earliest citation in the OLD is in Sallust, ''omni strepitu pavescere'', “to take fright at every noise”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Intransitively it means to take fright or become alarmed, in Seneca of trembling at a crash of thunder,^(OLD 2012) in Columella of an animal startled by a touch,^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913) and in Gellius of growing pale with fear little by little.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) From Tacitus and Silius Italicus it also takes an object, “to become afraid of”: war, portents or the empty names of legions.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) A passive is found in Cassiodorus.^(Georges 1913) Stelten has it in Ecclesiastical Latin as “become afraid”.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 86–34 BC – Sallust, “take fright”.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 25–101 AD – Silius Italicus uses it with an object.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 98–115 AD – Tacitus, “become afraid of”.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 165 AD – Gellius, of growing pale with fear.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # ''(intransitive)'' To take [[m|en|fright]], become [[m|en|alarmed]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(transitive)'' To become afraid of, [[m|en|dread]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[paveō]]

+ * [[pavor]]

+ * [[pavidus]]

+ * [[expavēscō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}