pernego Latin · revision 33395

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=ine-pro *ne}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈpɛr.nɛ.ɡoː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈpɛr.ne.ɡo]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''pernegō''' (present infinitive pernegāre, perfect active pernegāvī, supine pernegātum); first conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|per-|negō|t1=thoroughly|t2=to deny, refuse]].^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan derives the simple verb from the negative particle [[m|la|nec]], which goes back to [[itc-pro|*ne|t=not]] and [[ine-pro|*ne|t=not]].^(de Vaan 2008) The TLL explains the prefix as adding obstinacy or force.^(TLL)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It is found first in Plautus,^(TLL) who uses it eight times;^(TLL) in the ''Menaechmi'' a character complains that nothing is more brazen than this fellow, who denies even what you see: ''quin quae vides ea pernegat''.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Beside Plautus, the TLL counts one use in Terence, four in Cicero and one in Tibullus.^(TLL) It means to deny an assertion flatly or persistently, as in Plautus' ''Negas? – Pernego'', “You deny it? – I deny it absolutely”, and Cicero's ''saepe appellati, pernegaverunt'', “often asked, they flatly denied it”.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Plautus also has it for refusing obstinately: ''non edepol tibi pernegare possum quicquam'', “I can't refuse you anything”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus, “deny flatly” and “refuse”.^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 190–159 BC – Terence uses it once.^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it four times.^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 55–19/18 BC – Tibullus uses it once.^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|deny]] (an assertion) flatly or persistently.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To [[m|en|refuse]] obstinately.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[negō]]

+ * [[abnegō]]

+ * [[dēnegō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}