intestinum Latin · revision 33383

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=itc-pro *n̥ter-sto-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ɪn.tɛsˈtiː.nũː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [in.tesˈtiː.num]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''intestīnum''' ''n'' (genitive intestīnī); second declension^(Wiktionary)

+ Varro has it as a masculine in the Menippean satires, and Petronius as a feminine.^(OLD 2012)^(Conte 2010)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[der|la|intestīnus|t=internal]], its neuter used as a noun.^(OLD 2012)^(Etymonline) De Vaan notes that the noun is found earlier (Plautus) than the adjective (Varro), and that the two senses point to an adjective first meaning “internal”.^(de Vaan 2008) He reconstructs [[itc-pro|*n̥ter-sto-|t=internal]]: following Leumann, a compound of [[m|la|inter|t=between]] with the root of [[m|la|stō|t=to stand]], with /rst/ reduced to /st/;^(de Vaan 2008) Walde and Hofmann's derivation from [[ine-pro|*entos|t=inside]] he thinks possible but less likely.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan and Köbler record it from Plautus.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010) In the ''Casina'' a character says his guts have long been rumbling with hunger: ''mihi ieiunitate iam dudum intestina murmurant''.^(OLD 2012)^(Conte 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In the plural it is the intestines or guts, as in Plautus and in Cicero's letters, where he suffers badly from his bowels.^(OLD 2012)^(Conte 2010) In the singular Lucretius uses it for the alimentary canal,^(OLD 2012)^(de Vaan 2008) Celsus for the small intestine, and Nepos and Scribonius Largus for the rectum.^(Conte 2010) Medieval medical writers in Britain name the separate parts of the intestine with it, and also use it of animals' offal.^(DMLBS) English took it as [[m|en|intestine]] in the early 15th century, from Old French or directly from Latin.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus, of guts rumbling with hunger.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 96–55 BC – Lucretius, of the alimentary canal.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero writes of suffering from his bowels.^(Conte 2010)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 14–37 AD – Celsus, of the small intestine.^(Conte 2010)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * early 15th century – Borrowed into English as [[m|en|intestine]].^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # ''(singular)'' The [[m|en|alimentary canal]] or a part of it, a [[m|en|gut]].^(OLD 2012)^(Conte 2010)^(DMLBS)

+ # ''(plural)'' The [[m|en|intestine|alt=intestines]], [[m|en|bowels]], guts.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(DMLBS)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' The innards of beasts, [[m|en|offal]].^(DMLBS)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[intestīnus]]

+ * [[intus]]

+ * [[inter]]

+ * [[en|intestine]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}