iustitium Latin · revision 33371

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=compound|attested=81–43 BC, Cicero}}

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''iūstitium''' ''n'' (genitive iūstitiī or iūstitī); second declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|iūs#2|sistō|-ium|t1=law|t2=to bring to a stand]], formed like [[m|la|sōlstitium]].^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Wiktionary)^(Conte 2010) De Vaan traces the first part to [[itc-pro|*jowos|t=oath, law]], and [[m|la|sistō]] to [[ine-pro|*sti-sth2-|t=to make to stand]].^(de Vaan 2008) Ancient grammarians explained it as the time when law stands still.^(TLL)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler records it from Cicero,^(Köbler 2010) who has ''iustitium edicere'', to proclaim a suspension of business.^(Conte 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It was a suspension of the courts and of all other public business, proclaimed in a national emergency or riot.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Livy uses it often: a ''iustitium'' kept for several days, one begun in the forum of its own accord before it was proclaimed, and the phrase ''iustitium remittere'', to end it.^(Lewis & Short 1879) The OLD notes that later it was perhaps proclaimed only on the death of an emperor or one of his family,^(OLD 2012) and Tacitus describes people deserting the forum in mourning for Germanicus.^(Lewis & Short 1879) So it came to mean public mourning, as in Prudentius, and mourning in a household in Sidonius.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Conte 2010) Lucan uses it more widely of any pause in activity, the silence of an oracle.^(OLD 2012)^(Conte 2010)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero, of proclaiming a suspension of business.^(Conte 2010)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy, of suspensions of business in emergencies.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 98–115 AD – Tacitus, of mourning for Germanicus.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 431–486 AD – Sidonius, of mourning in a household.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Conte 2010)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A suspension of [[m|en|judicial]] and other public business, proclaimed in an emergency.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Public [[m|en|mourning]], especially on the death of an emperor or one of his family.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Conte 2010)

+ # ''(transferred)'' Any suspension of activity, a [[m|en|pause]].^(OLD 2012)^(Conte 2010)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[iustitiāle]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[iūs#2]]

+ * [[sistō]]

+ * [[sōlstitium]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Conte warns that the dative and ablative plural ''iustitiis'' of this word looks the same as that of [[iūstitia]].^(Conte 2010) The glossaries also have a separate ''iustitium'' meaning “justice”, made from ''iūstitia''.^(TLL)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}