deses Latin · revision 33370

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=59 BC–17 AD, Livy|origins=ine-pro *sed-eh1-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈdeː.sɛs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈdɛː.s̬es]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''dēses''' (genitive dēsidis); third-declension one-termination adjective^(Wiktionary)

+ Lewis & Short think the nominative singular does not occur.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ The ''Appendix Probi'' insists on ''deses'', not ''desis''.^(Appendix Probi)^(TLL)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[der|la|dēsideō|t=to sit idle]].^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Wiktionary) That verb is a compound of [[m|la|dē-]] and [[m|la|sedeō|t=to sit]], which de Vaan traces to [[itc-pro|*sed-ē-|t=to be seated]] and [[ine-pro|*sed-eh1-|t=to be seated]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler records it from Livy,^(Köbler 2010) who has ''sedemus desides domi'', “we sit idle at home”.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It means idle, inactive or sluggish,^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) and Lewis & Short note that it is rare and perhaps not found before Augustus or in the Augustan poets.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Columella uses it with ''ab'', slack about one's work,^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Conte 2010) and Tacitus of men grown idle in a long peace.^(Lewis & Short 1879) It is also said of things: Livy writes that the Roman state had never been so sluggish and unwarlike, and Statius has the idle leisure of life and a sluggish step.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Church Latin has it as lazy or slothful.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy, of people sitting idle at home.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1st century AD – Columella, with ''ab''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Conte 2010)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 98–115 AD – Tacitus, of men idle from a long peace.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 45–96 AD – Statius, of idle leisure.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # [[m|en|idle|alt=Idle]], inactive, [[m|en|sluggish]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # With ''ab'': slack about, lazy in.^(OLD 2012)^(Conte 2010)

+ # ''(Ecclesiastical Latin)'' Lazy, [[m|en|slothful]].^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[indēses]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[dēsideō]]

+ * [[sedeō]]

+ * [[dēsidia]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Lewis & Short give as near-synonyms [[iners]], [[segnis]], [[piger]], [[ignāvus]], [[socors]] and [[tardus]].^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}