deiectus Latin · revision 33367

+ {{homograph|1|downcast; low-lying}}

+

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 50 BC, Caesar|origins=ine-pro *(H)ieh1-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [deːˈjɛk.tʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [deˈjɛk.tus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''dēiectus''' (feminine dēiecta, neuter dēiectum); first/second-declension adjective^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ Used as an adjective, it is the past participle [[der|la|dēiciō|t=to throw down]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) [[m|la|dēiciō]] is [[m|la|dē-|t=down]] with [[m|la|iaciō|t=to throw]],^(OLD 2012) which de Vaan traces to [[itc-pro|*jak-i-|t=to throw]] and the aorist stem [[ine-pro|*(H)ieh1-|t=to throw, let go]].^(de Vaan 2008) Cognate with [[grc|ἵημι|tr=híēmi|t=to send, let go, throw]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler dates it from Caesar,^(Köbler 2010) who in the ''Civil War'' has troops standing on low-lying ground: ''deiectis atque inferioribus locis''.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Of things it means hanging down, as Columella's dog with drooping ears, or low-lying, as places in Caesar and a region in Manilius.^(OLD 2012) Of people it is downcast or dismayed, from Virgil on;^(OLD 2012) Seneca has a figure weary, downcast and heavy with weeping, and Apuleius men cast down like frightened women.^(OLD 2012) Quintilian uses it of a subdued style in perorations, and Apuleius of a humble, low-grade office.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 50 BC – Caesar, of low-lying ground.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil, of dismay.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1st century AD – Columella, of a dog's drooping ears.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 125–175 AD – Apuleius, of a humble office.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Hanging down, [[m|en|drooping]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # [[m|en|low-lying|alt=Low-lying]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # [[m|en|downcast|alt=Downcast]], dismayed.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # Of style, subdued.^(OLD 2012)

+ # [[m|en|humble|alt=Humble]], low-grade, despised.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ {{homograph|2|throwing down; slope}}

+

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 50 BC, Caesar|origins=la dēiciō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [deːˈjɛk.tʊs], [deːˈjɛk.tuːs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [deˈjɛk.tus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''dēiectus''' ''m'' (genitive dēiectūs); fourth declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ The noun is [[af|la|dēiciō|-tus|t1=to throw down]].^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The TLL and Köbler record it from Caesar,^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010) who in the ''Gallic War'' describes a hill with a slope on either side: ''ex utraque parte lateris deiectus habebat''.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Lewis & Short call it rare and note that Cicero does not use it.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Besides a slope it is the act of throwing or falling down, above all of water: Ovid has the heavy fall of the Peneus, Vitruvius the fall of rainwater into the compluvium, and Seneca the fall of a stream.^(OLD 2012) Livy uses it of felled trees blocking a pass,^(OLD 2012) and Statius, by metonymy, of a lynx skin thrown so as to hang down.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 50 BC – Caesar, of the slope of a hill.^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy, of felled trees.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 43 BC–18 AD – Ovid, of the fall of a river.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A throwing or casting down; a fall, especially of water.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # The [[m|en|felling]] (of trees).^(OLD 2012)

+ # A [[m|en|slope]], [[m|en|declivity]].^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[dēiciō]]

+ * [[iaciō]]

+ * [[iactus]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}