recursus Latin · revision 33362

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=70–19 BC, Virgil|origins=ine-pro *krs-e/o-}}

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''recursus''' ''m'' (genitive recursūs); fourth declension^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|recurrō|-tus|t1=to run back]].^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010) [[m|la|recurrō]] is [[m|la|re-|t=back]] with [[m|la|currō|t=to run]],^(OLD 2012) which de Vaan traces to [[itc-pro|*korse/o-|t=to run]] and [[ine-pro|*krs-e/o-|t=to run]]; the nouns in ⟨curs-⟩ are built on the participle ⟨cursus⟩.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The TLL finds it in verse from Virgil and Ovid on, often in the plural, and in prose from Livy and Valerius Maximus;^(TLL) Lewis & Short note it is not found before Augustus.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Virgil pairs it with ''cursus'': ''alios ineunt cursus aliosque recursus'', they enter on other runs and other returns.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is the act of running or going back, a withdrawal or a way back: Livy has a retreat left open.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Virgil uses it of the ebb of the sea, and Pliny the Elder of the windings of the Maeander and of the passages of the labyrinth.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Ovid prays that fate may grant a return.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) It is also a return to a former state: Celsus speaks of a return to good health, and Valerius Maximus of a return to former rank in the army.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(OLD 2012) Seneca uses it of the reach of sight back to the eye.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ In law it is a recourse to the judge from whom an appeal was made,^(Lewis & Short 1879) and in Church law it is recourse, an appeal for review of a decree.^(Stelten 1995) Medieval Latin uses it for an appeal to a higher court and a right of recovery, and also for the right to drive pigs into a forest, a concourse of people, a cross-reference, and the exact weight of coins.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil, of running back and of the ebb of the sea.^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy, of a way of retreat.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 43 BC–18 AD – Ovid, of a return home.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 23/24–79 AD – Pliny the Elder, of the windings of a river.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A running back, [[m|en|retreat]], withdrawal; a way back.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # The [[m|en|ebb]] of the sea; a winding back (of a river or path).^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # A [[m|en|return]]; a return to a former state.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # ''(law)'' [[m|en|recourse|alt=Recourse]], appeal.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Stelten 1995)^(Niermeyer 1976)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' The right to drive pigs into a forest; a concourse of people; a cross-reference; the exact weight of coins.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[recurrō]]

+ * [[currō]]

+ * [[cursus]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}