clanculum Latin · revision 33360

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=itc-pro *klām}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈkɫaŋ.kʊ.ɫũː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈklaŋ.ku.lum]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''clanculum''' (adverb and preposition)^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|clam|-culum|t1=secretly]], a diminutive formed directly on the adverb, as [[m|la|plūsculum]] on ⟨plūs⟩.^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012) De Vaan traces [[m|la|clam]] to [[itc-pro|*klām]] and perhaps [[ine-pro|*ḱl-eh2-|t=concealment]], but finds its Indo-European origin less clear.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan and the OLD record it from Plautus,^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012) as in the ''Amphitruo'': ''clanculum abii'', “I slipped away secretly”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Lewis & Short call it ante-classical but frequent:^(Lewis & Short 1879) Plautus and Terence use it often, Lucilius of goods carried out of a harbour secretly, and the ''Bellum Hispaniense'' once.^(OLD 2012) Terence also has it once as a preposition with the accusative, ''clanculum patres'', without the fathers' knowledge.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Late prose also has it, for example Hegesippus, where Nero withdraws secretly to a suburban estate.^(TLL)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus, “secretly”.^(OLD 2012)^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 190–159 BC – Terence, as a preposition, “without the knowledge of”.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 180–102 BC – Lucilius, of goods carried out of a harbour.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adverb===

+ # [[m|en|secretly|alt=Secretly]], privately, by [[m|en|stealth]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ===Preposition===

+ # With the accusative: without the [[m|en|knowledge]] of.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[clanculārius]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[clandestīnus]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Döderlein groups it with [[clam]] as “secretly” in contrast to [[palam]], openly, while ''occultē'' stands against ''apertē''.^(Döderlein 1874)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}