vixdum Latin · revision 33344

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=compound|attested=190–159 BC, Terence}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈwɪks.dũː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈviɡz.dum]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''vixdum''' (not comparable)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|vix|-dum|t1=hardly]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan traces [[m|la|vix]] to [[itc-pro|*wiks]] and connects it, following Walde and Hofmann, with [[ine-pro|*uik-|t=a turn, bend]], but the derivation is uncertain.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The OLD's earliest citation is Terence's ''Phormio'': ''vixdum dimidium dixeram, intellexerat'', “I had scarcely said half, he had understood”.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It means scarcely yet, only just:^(OLD 2012) Cicero writes of Dolabella being blamed for succeeding someone who had scarcely been thirty days in Syria, and of learning everything before the meeting had scarcely broken up, and Livy calls Hannibal scarcely grown up.^(Lewis & Short 1879) It is often followed by a clause with ''cum'', scarcely had something happened when..., as in Cicero's ''vixdum epistulam tuam legeram, cum...'', and in Livy, Petronius and Tacitus;^(OLD 2012) it can also be followed by a clause with ''et'' or without a conjunction.^(OLD 2012) In medieval glosses it is translated “still, yet”.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 190–159 BC – Terence, of being understood before one had said half.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero, in letters and speeches.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy, of Hannibal scarcely grown up.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adverb===

+ # [[m|en|scarcely|alt=Scarcely]] yet, only just, hardly.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # With ''cum'' or ''et'': scarcely (had something happened) when.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Almost.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[vix]]

+ * [[dum]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}