improviso Latin · revision 33342

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=ine-pro *uid-eh1-}}

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''imprōvīsō''' (adverb)^(OLD 2012)

+ It is also spelled ''inprōvīsō''.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|imprōvīsus|-ō|t1=unforeseen]].^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010) [[m|la|imprōvīsus]] is the negative of the participle of [[m|la|prōvideō|t=to foresee]],^(OLD 2012) a compound of [[m|la|videō|t=to see]], which de Vaan traces to [[itc-pro|*wid-ē-]] and [[ine-pro|*uid-eh1-|t=to see]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler dates it from Plautus,^(Köbler 2010) whose ''Rudens'' has a man say that he unexpectedly found his daughter: ''improviso filiam inveni''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It means unexpectedly, without warning, suddenly:^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Plautus' ''Asinaria'' has so much good come unexpectedly, Cicero writes of coming upon a man unexpectedly and of men bursting into a camp, and Caesar and Livy also use it.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913) Lucilius has it too.^(Georges 1913) Beside it stand the phrases ''ex imprōvīsō'' and ''dē imprōvīsō'', with the same meaning.^(OLD 2012) In Church Latin it means suddenly, unawares.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus, of finding a daughter unexpectedly.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero, of coming upon a man unexpectedly.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 50 BC – Caesar.^(Georges 1913)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adverb===

+ # [[m|en|unexpectedly|alt=Unexpectedly]], without warning, [[m|en|suddenly]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[imprōvīsus]]

+ * [[prōvideō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}