trigeminus Latin · revision 33335

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=compound|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [trɪˈɡɛ.mɪ.nʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [triˈd͡ʒɛː.mi.nus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''trigeminus''' (feminine trigemina, neuter trigeminum); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)

+ A by-form ''tergeminus'' is mostly poetic.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ The jurist Paulus has ''treg-''.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|tri-|geminus|t1=three|t2=twin]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline) De Vaan traces [[m|la|geminus]] to [[itc-pro|*jemno-|t=paired]] and [[ine-pro|*iemH-no-|t=paired, connected]], with initial /g/ probably taken from [[m|la|gignō|t=to beget]].^(de Vaan 2008) Cognate with [[sga|emon|t=twin]] and [[sa|यम|tr=yamá-|t=twin]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan and Köbler date it from Plautus,^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010) whose ''Miles Gloriosus'' promises someone twins and triplets if he keeps well: ''tibi sunt gemini et trigemini, si te bene habes, filii''.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It means born as one of triplets, and as a noun a triplet;^(OLD 2012) Livy has ''trigeminī frātrēs'', and Pliny the Elder cites the Horatii and Curiatii as proof that triplets are born.^(Lewis & Short 1879) It also means forming a set of three, threefold, as Horatius carrying the triple spoils in Livy.^(OLD 2012) The ''Porta Trigemina'' was a gate of Rome with three arches, already in Plautus.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) English [[m|en|trigeminal]] was formed on it in anatomy in 1815, and by 1830 was used of the nerves divided into three branches.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus, of triplets and of the Porta Trigemina.^(OLD 2012)^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy, of the triplet brothers and their triple spoils.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 23/24–79 AD – Pliny the Elder, of the birth of triplets.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1815 – English [[m|en|trigeminal]], in anatomy.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Born three at a birth; as a noun, a [[m|en|triplet]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Threefold, [[m|en|triple]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''porta trigemina'': a gate of Rome with three arches.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[trigeminō]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[bigeminus]]

+ * [[centumgeminus]]

+ * [[quadrigeminus]]

+ * [[septemgeminus]]

+ * [[geminus]]

+ * [[tergeminus]]

+ * [[en|trigeminal]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}