rugosus Latin · revision 33333

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 180–102 BC, Lucilius|origins=ine-pro *h1roug-h2-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ruːˈɡoː.sʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ruˈɡɔː.s̬us]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''rūgōsus''' (feminine rūgōsa, neuter rūgōsum); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)

+ Comparative ''rūgōsior''.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|rūga|-ōsus|t1=wrinkle]].^(OLD 2012)^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan traces [[m|la|rūga]] to [[itc-pro|*roug-ā-]] and [[ine-pro|*h1roug-h2-|t=wrinkle]], most likely connected with [[m|la|ērūgō|t=to belch]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Lucilius,^(de Vaan 2008) who speaks of wrinkled, withered old men: ''rugosi passique senes''.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates it from Horace.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It means full of wrinkles, folds or creases.^(OLD 2012) It is used of persons and parts of the body, from age or other causes:^(OLD 2012) Horace has wrinkled eunuchs, Ovid wrinkled cheeks, and Martial a woman whose brow is more wrinkled than her robe;^(Lewis & Short 1879) a wrinkled forehead shows seriousness or disapproval.^(OLD 2012) Poets extend it: Tibullus speaks of wrinkled old age and Horace of a village wrinkled with cold.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 180–102 BC – Lucilius, of wrinkled old men.^(OLD 2012)^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 65–8 BC – Horace, of wrinkled eunuchs and a village wrinkled with cold.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 43 BC–18 AD – Ovid, of wrinkled cheeks.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Full of [[m|en|wrinkle|alt=wrinkles]], folds or creases, [[m|en|wrinkled]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # [[m|en|shrivelled|alt=Shrivelled]].^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[rugositas]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[rūgō]]

+ * [[rūga]]

+ * [[ērūgō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}