rudens Latin · revision 33330

+ {{infobox|confidence=unknown|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈruː.dẽːs], [ˈrʊ.dẽːs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈruː.dens], [ˈruː.dens]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''rū̆dēns''' ''m'' (genitive rū̆dentis); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+ Plautus scans it with long ''ū'' once; it is feminine in Plautus' ''Rudens'' and perhaps in Vitruvius.^(OLD 2012)

+ The ablative singular is usually ''rudente'', but Vitruvius has ''rudentī'', and the genitive plural ''rudentium'' beside the usual ''rudentum''.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ The origin is unknown.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Köbler mentions Walde and Hofmann's tentative [[ine-pro|*wrūdō]],^(Köbler 2010) and Wiktionary lists proposals linking it with [[de|Riemen|t=strap]] or with [[grc|ἐρύω|tr=erúō|t=to drag, draw]].^(Wiktionary) The ancients derived it from [[m|la|rudō|t=to bray, roar]], from the rattling of the ropes, as Nonius reports.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler dates it from Plautus,^(Köbler 2010) whose comedy ''Rudens'', “The Rope”, is named after it.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is any of the ropes of a ship, those about the mast or for raising the sails;^(OLD 2012) Lewis & Short call it very frequent and classical.^(Lewis & Short 1879) In the plural it is the rigging.^(Wiktionary) Vitruvius uses it of a rope outside a nautical setting, as a pulley at the head of a machine held by a rope.^(OLD 2012) In Church Latin it is a rope or cord.^(Stelten 1995) Döderlein distinguishes ''fūnis'', a thicker rope for pulling, from ''restis'', a thinner one for tying.^(Döderlein 1874)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus, in the ''Rudens''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 84–c. 25 BC – Vitruvius, of a rope on a machine.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A ship's [[m|en|rope]], halyard, stay or sheet.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # In the plural: [[m|en|rigging]], cordage.^(Wiktionary)

+ # Any rope or cord.^(OLD 2012)^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[fūnis]]

+ * [[restis]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Lewis & Short also list ''rudēns'' as the present participle of [[rudō]].^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}