contumeliose Latin · revision 33322

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=derivation|attested=190–159 BC, Terence|origins=ine-pro *tum-eh1-}}

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''contumēliōsē''' (adverb); comparative ''contumēliōsius'', superlative ''contumēliōsissimē''^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|contumēliōsus|-ē|t1=insulting]].^(OLD 2012) [[m|la|contumēliōsus]] comes from [[m|la|contumēlia|t=insult]],^(TLL) which de Vaan, like [[m|la|contumāx]], derives from a verb [[m|la|*contumeō|t=to be proud]], built on [[m|la|tumeō|t=to swell]].^(de Vaan 2008) He traces that verb to [[itc-pro|*tum-ē-]] and [[ine-pro|*tum-eh1-|t=to be swelling]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The TLL finds the adverb from Terence on, earlier than the adjective, which appears with Cicero.^(TLL) Köbler dates it from Cicero.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It means in an insulting manner, insultingly or abusively:^(OLD 2012) Cicero speaks of saying spiteful and insulting things about people who are absent, of dismissing someone insultingly, and of attacking a man in public meetings.^(Georges 1913) Livy calls certain cities the fetters of Greece no more insultingly than truly, and Quintilian pairs it with harshness.^(Georges 1913)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 190–159 BC – Terence.^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero, of insulting speech about the absent.^(Georges 1913)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy, comparative, of cities called fetters of Greece.^(Georges 1913)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adverb===

+ # [[m|en|insultingly|alt=Insultingly]], abusively, in an insulting manner.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)

+ # Disgracefully, with dishonour.^(Georges 1913)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[contumēliōsus]]

+ * [[contumēlia]]

+ * [[contumāx]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}