perforo Latin · revision 33314

+ {{infobox|confidence=uncertain|formation=derivation|attested=96–55 BC, Lucretius|origins=ine-pro *bʰorH-ie/o-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈpɛr.fɔ.roː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈpɛr.fo.ro]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''perforō''' (present infinitive perforāre, perfect active perforāvī, supine perforātum); first conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+ Lucretius divides it by tmesis, ''perque forāre''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(TLL)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|per-|forō|t2=to bore]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(TLL) De Vaan traces [[m|la|forō]] to [[itc-pro|*foraje/o-]] and, with a question mark, to [[ine-pro|*bʰorH-ie/o-|t=to pierce, strike]] or a noun meaning “hole”.^(de Vaan 2008) Cognate with [[lt|bárti|t=to scold, accuse]] and [[non|berja|t=to beat, hit]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The TLL finds it from Lucretius, Cicero and Varro on, and more often in Celsus, Columella and Pliny the Elder.^(TLL)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It means to make a hole in or through, to bore or pierce:^(OLD 2012) Cicero, quoted by Quintilian, speaks of boring a hole in a ship, and the ''Bellum Alexandrinum'' of holing and sinking a trireme.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Velleius has a cloak pierced by a lance, and Ovid two breasts pierced with one blow.^(Lewis & Short 1879) It also means to make a passage by piercing, as when Cicero says that we have two openings bored from the mind to the eyes.^(OLD 2012) In Church Latin it is to pierce, bore through, perforate.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 96–55 BC – Lucretius, in tmesis.^(TLL)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero, of openings bored from the mind to the eyes.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 20 BC–30 AD – Velleius Paterculus, of a cloak pierced by a lance.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 43 BC–18 AD – Ovid, of two breasts pierced with one blow.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To bore or [[m|en|pierce]] through, to [[m|en|perforate]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # To make a passage by piercing, to [[m|en|penetrate]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[perforaculum]]

+ * [[perforātiō]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[forō]]

+ * [[forāmen]]

+ * [[terebrō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}