pervolo Latin · revision 33313

+ {{homograph|1|fly through}}

+

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=204–169 BC, Ennius|origins=ine-pro *gʷelh₁-ie/o-}}

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''pervolō''' (present infinitive pervolāre, perfect active pervolāvī, supine pervolātum); first conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+ Lucretius divides it by tmesis, ''perque volāre''.^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ The verb “to fly through” is [[af|la|per-|volō#2|t2=to fly]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(TLL) De Vaan traces [[m|la|volō#2|t=to fly]] to [[itc-pro|*gʷela-je/o-]] and [[ine-pro|*gʷelh₁-ie/o-|t=to raise the arm, throw]].^(de Vaan 2008) Cognate with [[grc|βάλλω|tr=bállō|t=to throw, hit]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The TLL finds it from Ennius on,^(TLL) who has dust flying through the whole strait of the sky, ''pulvis omnem pervolat caeli fretum''.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Of birds it is to fly through or over a place, or to wing one's way: Virgil has a black swallow flying through a rich man's great house, and Ovid a rumour flying on beating wings.^(OLD 2012) Cicero uses it of the soul flying to the gods at death, and in the ''De re publica'' of a trained soul flying more swiftly to its true home;^(OLD 2012) Varro of the mind that flies in an instant where it will.^(OLD 2012) Of heavenly bodies and physical forces it is to pass swiftly through the air, as in Lucretius, Manilius and Seneca.^(OLD 2012) Of persons it is, by exaggeration, to rush through or over a place: Cicero has a man who covered fifty-six miles in ten hours by gig, and Juvenal Automedon driving at speed along the Flaminian Way.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) In verse only some forms are used.^(TLL)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius, of dust flying through the sky.^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 96–55 BC – Lucretius, of particles flying over sea and land.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero, of the soul and of a fast journey.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil, of a swallow flying through a house.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 67–c. 127 AD – Juvenal, of driving at speed.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # Of birds: to [[m|en|fly]] through or over a place, to wing one's way.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Of heavenly bodies and forces: to pass swiftly through the air.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # Of persons: to rush through or over, to hasten.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ {{homograph|2|wish greatly}}

+

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=ine-pro *uelh₁-}}

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''pervolō''' (present infinitive pervelle, perfect active pervoluī, future active participle pervolitūrus); irregular conjugation, suppletive, no passive, no supine stem except in the future active participle, no imperative, no gerund^(Wiktionary)

+ The indicative is apparently not attested;^(OLD 2012) the subjunctive ''pervelim'' is the commonest form.^(TLL)

+ Cicero divides it by tmesis, ''per videre velim''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(TLL)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ The verb “to wish greatly” is [[af|la|per-|volō#1|t2=to want]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(TLL) De Vaan traces [[m|la|volō#1|t=to want]] to [[itc-pro|*wel-]] and [[ine-pro|*uelh₁-|t=to strive after, pursue]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It is found in Plautus,^(TLL)^(Lewis & Short 1879) in the ''Casina'': ''nunc pervelim progredire senem'', “now I would very much like the old man to come out”.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It means to wish greatly, to be very desirous;^(OLD 2012) Lewis & Short call it rare but classical.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Cicero has “I should very much like to learn from you”, ''scire ex te pervelim'', a man he would very much like to see, and his wish to be forgiven.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Livy uses the infinitive in reported speech and writes “I could wish that this were falsely reported”.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(TLL) Augustine also uses it.^(TLL)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus, ''pervelim''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero, in speeches and letters.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy, of a wish that a report were false.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|wish]] greatly, to be very desirous.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}