morbidus Latin · revision 33300

+ {{infobox|confidence=uncertain|formation=derivation|attested=96–55 BC, Lucretius|origins=ine-pro *mor-bʰo-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈmɔr.bɪ.dʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈmɔr.bi.dus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''morbidus''' (feminine morbida, neuter morbidum); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|morbus|-idus|t1=disease]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(TLL)^(Etymonline) De Vaan tentatively traces [[m|la|morbus]] to [[itc-pro|*mor-fo-]] and [[ine-pro|*mor-bʰo-]], with a suffix seen in adjectives describing an appearance, so that the word could mean “looking like death”, from the root of [[m|la|mors|t=death]];^(de Vaan 2008)^(Etymonline) he marks both reconstructions as uncertain.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The TLL finds it from Lucretius and Varro on;^(TLL) Lucretius has the air becoming disease-bearing, ''fit morbidus aer''.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It means diseased, infected or sick: Varro has diseased bees, and Pliny the Elder a diseased body.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) It also means causing disease, unhealthy, as of Lucretius' air and force.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Lewis & Short call it rare, and only ante-classical and post-Augustan.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Döderlein says that [[aeger]] is the general word for every kind of illness, while [[aegrōtus]] and ''morbidus'' indicate bodily illness, ''morbidus'' especially of animals.^(Döderlein 1874) Glossaries explain it as ''īnsāna'' and ''languida''.^(TLL) In Church Latin it means depraved or diseased.^(Stelten 1995) It continues in Italian [[m|it|morbido]],^(TLL) and English [[m|en|morbid]] (1650s) is from it.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 96–55 BC – Lucretius, of disease-bearing air.^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 116–27 BC – Varro, of diseased bees.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 23/24–79 AD – Pliny the Elder, of a diseased body.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1650s – Borrowed into English as [[m|en|morbid]].^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # [[m|en|diseased|alt=Diseased]], infected, [[m|en|sick]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Causing disease, [[m|en|unhealthy]], unwholesome.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(Ecclesiastical Latin)'' [[m|en|depraved|alt=Depraved]].^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[morbus]]

+ * [[morbōsus]]

+ * [[en|morbid]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}