praevaricatio Latin · revision 33273

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=123/122 BC, Lex repetundarum|origins=la vārus}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [prae̯.waː.rɪˈkaː.ti.oː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [pre.va.riˈkat.t͡si.o]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''praevāricātiō''' ''f'' (genitive praevāricātiōnis); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|praevāricor|-tiō|t1=to act in collusion]].^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Wiktionary) [[m|la|praevāricor]] is a compound of [[m|la|prae-|t=before]] and [[m|la|vāricō|t=to straddle]],^(Wiktionary) which comes from [[m|la|vārus#1|t=bow-legged]];^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) de Vaan finds no convincing etymology for that adjective.^(de Vaan 2008) Lewis & Short gloss the noun as a stepping out of the line of duty.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler dates it from the law on extortion of 123/122 BC.^(Köbler 2010) The TLL notes that it is found only in prose, in inscriptions from the laws on extortion and on land onwards, and in authors from Cicero.^(TLL)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In law it is the mismanagement of a case by collusion between prosecution and defence, a sham accusation or defence;^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Cicero writes of a man acquitted of it.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Pliny the Younger uses it more widely of an advocate's failure in duty, passing over what should be said or touching only briefly on what should be driven home, and of men condemned for it.^(Lewis & Short 1879) In Church Latin it is a transgression of the law: the Vulgate has “where there is no law, there is no transgression”.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Stelten 1995) In medieval texts it is fraud or adulteration, and a violation of the law, a sin.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 123/122 BC – The law on extortion.^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero, of collusion in a trial.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 390–406 AD – The Vulgate, of transgression.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * Medieval Latin – Fraud; sin.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # ''(law)'' [[m|en|collusion|alt=Collusion]] between prosecution and defence, a sham accusation or defence.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A violation of duty.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(Ecclesiastical Latin)'' A [[m|en|transgression]], [[m|en|sin]].^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Stelten 1995)^(Niermeyer 1976)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' Fraud, adulteration.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[praevāricor]]

+ * [[praevāricātor]]

+ * [[vārus#1]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}