traho Latin · revision 3326

+ {{infobox|confidence=uncertain|formation=inherited|attested=Plautus}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈtra.(ɦ)oː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈtraː.o]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''trahō''' (present infinitive trahere, perfect active trāxī, supine tractum); third conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*traχe/o-]], but its further origin is unclear.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary)^(OLD 2012) De Vaan finds the closest cognates in meaning in Celtic, such as [[sga|tráig|t=ebb, beach]], from a sense “to pull away”.^(de Vaan 2008) A link with Germanic [[non|draga|t=to draw, drag]] and [[ang|dragan|t=to draw]] is often suggested, but Latin /h/ would require a different consonant from the one the Germanic words need.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It is found from Plautus onwards,^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010) whose maid tells how she pulled the cradle back and forth.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant to [[m|en|drag]], pull or haul, to take someone along, as Andromache bringing Astyanax in Virgil, and of rivers and waves to carry along, as in Lucretius and Sallust.^(OLD 2012) Feelings were said to pull the mind, as Terence's “cares that drag my mind in different directions”.^(OLD 2012) It meant to carry off as plunder, to draw something towards one, as a magnet draws iron, to drink in, and to lower sails.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ It also meant to lure, to win over to one's side, to pull out a weapon, and to derive something from a source, as Cicero's jibe that Antony drew some wit from his actress wife.^(OLD 2012) Things trailed behind, were stretched out, and took on features.^(OLD 2012) Of time it meant to draw out or protract, as elections in Cicero and delays in Virgil, to spend time, and to put off.^(OLD 2012) Sallust uses it for pondering.^(OLD 2012) It survives as Italian ''trarre'', French ''traire'' “to milk” and Portuguese ''trazer'' “to bring”.^(Wiktionary) English ''tract'' and ''attract'' come from it.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it for pulling a cradle.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 190–159 BC – Terence uses it of cares pulling at the mind.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 96–55 BC – Lucretius uses it of air drawn along.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of protracted elections.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 86–34 BC – Sallust uses it for pondering.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * early 15th century – English ''attract'' is first recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|drag]], pull, haul.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # To take along, ''(of currents)'' to carry along.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To influence, draw (the mind).^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To carry off, plunder.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To draw in, [[m|en|attract]]; to drink in.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To lure; to win over.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To pull out; to derive (from).^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To trail; to draw out, extend.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To protract, prolong; to spend (time); to put off.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To ponder.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[abstrahō]]

+ * [[attrahō]]

+ * [[circumtrahō]]

+ * [[contrahō]]

+ * [[dētrahō]]

+ * [[distrahō]]

+ * [[extrahō]]

+ * [[intertrahō]]

+ * [[intrahō]]

+ * [[obtrahō]]

+ * [[pertrahō]]

+ * [[praetrahō]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[trāgula]]

+ * [[trāgum]]

+ * [[trāma]]

+ * [[tractō]]

+ * [[en|tract]]

+ * [[en|attract]]

+ * [[en|contract]]

+ * [[en|traction]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}