defundo Latin · revision 33234

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=234–149 BC, Cato|origins=ine-pro *ǵʰu-n-d-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [deːˈfʊn.doː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [deˈfun.do]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''dēfundō''' (present infinitive dēfundere, perfect active dēfūdī, supine dēfūsum); third conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|dē-|fundō#1|t2=to pour]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(TLL) De Vaan traces [[m|la|fundō#1]] to [[itc-pro|*χund-]] and the nasal present [[ine-pro|*ǵʰu-n-d-|t=to pour]];^(de Vaan 2008) cognate with [[grc|χέω|tr=khéō|t=to pour]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Cato says to pour off the water from boiled cabbage.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) The TLL finds it from Lucilius and Virgil on in literature.^(TLL)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Lewis & Short note that it is very rare before Augustus and absent from Cicero and Caesar.^(Lewis & Short 1879) It is to pour out of a vessel: Lucilius has wine poured from a full jar, Horace a man sparing to pour out wine, and Celsus egg white and yolk poured into a dish.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) It is used of libations, wine poured from bowls in Horace and offerings to Mercury in Valerius Maximus.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Poetically it is to pour down: Horace's Plenty pours the fruits of Italy from her horn, Seneca has a spring pouring its waters, Statius the south wind rain, and Silius blood.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913) Ovid has anger poured out in tears, and Petronius words poured from the breast.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) It is also to empty a vessel, as Juvenal's windows emptying basins.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913) Vegetius uses it of pouring a potion into an animal.^(Georges 1913) Church Latin has “pour out”.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 234–149 BC – Cato, of pouring off water.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 180–102 BC – Lucilius, of pouring wine.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 65–8 BC – Horace, of wine and libations.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 67–c. 127 AD – Juvenal, of emptying basins.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|pour]] out or down; to pour off; to pour a [[m|en|libation]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To discharge, shed;^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) ''(figurative)'' to pour out words.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # To [[m|en|empty]] (a vessel).^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To wet by pouring.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[dēfūsiō]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[fundō#1]]

+ * [[effundō]]

+ * [[diffundō]]

+ * [[infundō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}