iniuratus Latin · revision 33231

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=la iūrō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ɪn.juːˈraː.tʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [in.juˈraː.tus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''iniūrātus''' (feminine iniūrāta, neuter iniūrātum); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)

+ Also spelled ''injūrātus''.^(Wiktionary)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|in-|iūrātus|t2=sworn]],^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(TLL) the participle of [[m|la|iūrō|t=to swear]].^(Wiktionary) De Vaan explains that verb as made from [[m|la|iūs#2|t=oath, law]], [[itc-pro|*jowos]], from [[ine-pro|*h₂ieu-os|t=vital force]].^(de Vaan 2008) Charisius lists it among the passive participles with an active sense.^(TLL)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Plautus has it first,^(Köbler 2010) in the ''Amphitruo'', where Mercury tells Sosia that Jupiter will believe him unsworn rather than Sosia sworn;^(TLL)^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Cicero quotes the line.^(TLL)^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is “not having taken an oath”, usually against ''iūrātus'': Cicero says he alleges unsworn what sworn witnesses state, and Livy has sworn and unsworn fleeing alike.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913) A verse Cicero quotes says “I swore with my tongue; my mind I keep unsworn”.^(Georges 1913)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Quintilian uses the plural ''iniūrātī'' as a noun for unsworn witnesses.^(Georges 1913)^(Köbler 2010) Church Latin has “unsworn”.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus, of an unsworn speaker.^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero, of unsworn testimony.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy, of sworn and unsworn soldiers.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 35–95/96 AD – Quintilian, of unsworn witnesses.^(Georges 1913)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Not having taken an [[m|en|oath]], [[m|en|unsworn]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(plural as noun)'' Unsworn witnesses.^(Georges 1913)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[iūrātus]]

+ * [[iūrō]]

+ * [[iūs#2]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}