occumbo Latin · revision 33226

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=204–169 BC, Ennius}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ɔkˈkʊm.boː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [okˈkum.bo]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''occumbō''' (present infinitive occumbere, perfect active occubuī, supine occubitum); third conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+ Also spelled ''obcumbō''.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|ob-|*cumbō|t2=to lie down]], a stem related to [[m|la|cubō|t=to lie]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Lewis & Short 1879) The TLL notes that ⟨*cumbere⟩ survives only in compounds such as [[m|la|accumbō]] and [[m|la|dēcumbō]], and that it seems to have expressed the action of lying down, while [[m|la|cubō]] expressed the state.^(TLL)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Ennius has it first, of the fall of old Priam, ''cum veter occubuit Priamus sub Marte Pelasgo''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Its classical sense is to fall dying, to meet one's death, alone or with ''mortem'', ''mortī'' or ''morte'':^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Cicero writes that he would either have fallen honourably or be living as a victor, and speaks of dying for one's country, ''pro patriā mortem occumbere'', where the manuscripts waver between ''mortem'' and ''morte''.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Livy has dying for the republic, Virgil ''certae mortī'' and Ovid ''necī'', and Suetonius dying for liberty and in battle.^(Georges 1913)^(Lewis & Short 1879) In late Latin it is used of heavenly bodies, to set: Justin has a comet rising and setting, and the Vulgate the setting sun.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913) Church Latin has “fall, fall down, go down”.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius, of the fall of Priam.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero, of dying for one's country.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil, of a certain death.^(Georges 1913)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 390–406 AD – The Vulgate, of the setting sun.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To fall dying, meet one's [[m|en|death]], [[m|en|perish]]; with ''mortem'' or ''mortī'', to meet death.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(Late Latin)'' Of heavenly bodies, to [[m|en|set]].^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913)

+ # ''(Ecclesiastical Latin)'' To fall, go down.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[occubitus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[cubō]]

+ * [[accumbō]]

+ * [[dēcumbō]]

+ * [[occidō#2]]

+ * [[oppetō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}