mulio Latin · revision 33222

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=itc-pro *musklo-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈmuː.li.oː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈmuː.li.o]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''mūliō''' ''m'' (genitive mūliōnis); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|mūlus|-iō|t1=mule]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan traces [[m|la|mūlus]] to [[itc-pro|*musklo-]] or ⟨*mukslo-⟩ and thinks it a loanword that reached Europe from Asia Minor;^(de Vaan 2008) he compares [[grc|μύκλος|tr=múklos|t=lascivious; pack-mule]] and [[sq|mushk|t=mule]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Plautus has it first,^(Köbler 2010)^(de Vaan 2008) in the ''Mostellaria'': muleteers have pack-mules.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is a mule driver, or a driver of a mule carriage,^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913) and Lewis & Short note that it is mostly early or post-Augustan.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Caesar has muleteers in helmets riding round the hills to look like cavalry.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Plancus calls Ventidius a ''mūliō'' as an insult in a letter to Cicero,^(Georges 1913) and Pliny the Elder, citing Cicero, has a muleteer of the army bakery.^(Georges 1913) Seneca's Hercules has walked more places than any muleteer, and Juvenal has a consul acting as his own muleteer.^(OLD 2012) Suetonius says Vespasian was given it as a nickname, because he had made money by trading.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(OLD 2012) Varro has the saying “more tongue-tied than my muleteer”.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Pliny the Elder also uses it of a gnat that attacks bees.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) In British medieval Latin it is a mule driver, a keeper of mules, and in glosses a groom.^(DMLBS)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus, of muleteers with pack-mules.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 50 BC – Caesar, of muleteers made to look like cavalry.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 23/24–79 AD – Pliny the Elder, of a gnat.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 75–c. 150 AD – Suetonius, as a nickname of Vespasian.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * Medieval Latin – A groom, horse servant.^(DMLBS)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|muleteer]], mule driver; the driver of a mule carriage.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A gnat-like [[m|en|insect]] that attacks bees.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' A keeper of mules; a [[m|en|groom]].^(DMLBS)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[mūliōnius]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[mūlus]]

+ * [[mūla]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}