pupilla Latin · revision 33218

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=1st century BC, Lucretius and Cicero|origins=la pūpa}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [puːˈpɪl.la]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [puˈpil.la]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''pūpilla''' ''f'' (genitive pūpillae); first declension^(Wiktionary)

+ An inscription has the dative plural ''pūpillābus''.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)

+ The Tabula Heracleensis abbreviates it as a reversed ''PV''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|pūpa|-illa|t1=girl, doll]],^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) or a diminutive of [[m|la|pūpula]], itself from [[m|la|pūpa]].^(Wiktionary) De Vaan sees in [[m|la|pūpa]] a reduplicated form of the ⟨*pū-⟩ of [[m|la|puer|t=boy]], a common type in affective words, though this is uncertain.^(de Vaan 2008) The sense “pupil of the eye” refers to the small image of oneself that one sees in another's eye,^(Wiktionary)^(Georges 1913) like the double sense of [[grc|κόρη|tr=kórē|t=girl; pupil]].^(Georges 1913)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Both senses appear in the 1st century BC: de Vaan dates it from Lucretius, who uses it of the pupil of the eye,^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012) and Cicero's ''Verrines'' accuse Verres of robbing an infant ward of her inheritance.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The legal sense, a girl under the care of a guardian, is that of the jurists, who use it beside ''pūpillus'';^(OLD 2012)^(TLL) Apuleius says he would rather be offered a plain mother of children than a beautiful ward.^(OLD 2012) The eye sense is common in Celsus and Pliny the Elder;^(OLD 2012) Pliny and Gellius tell of people with two pupils in each eye, and Pliny describes the gem asteria as holding its light like a pupil.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913) Apuleius uses it for the eye as a whole.^(Lewis & Short 1879) The Vulgate has the eye sense too.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Church Latin has “orphan girl, ward, small girl, pupil of the eye”.^(Stelten 1995) English [[m|en|pupil]] meant an orphan or ward in the late 14th century, partly through Old French, from Latin ''pūpillus'' and ''pūpilla''.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 96–55 BC – Lucretius, of the pupil of the eye.^(OLD 2012)^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero, of a girl ward.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 14–37 AD – Celsus, of the pupil dilating.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 23/24–79 AD – Pliny the Elder, of the pupil of the eye and of a gem.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 390–406 AD – The Vulgate, of the pupil of the eye.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * late 14th century – English [[m|en|pupil]], “ward”.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A girl under the care of a [[m|en|guardian]], a [[m|en|ward]], an [[m|en|orphan]] girl.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # The [[m|en|pupil]] of the eye;^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary) the eye.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # ''(Ecclesiastical Latin)'' A small girl.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[pūpillus]]

+ * [[pūpa]]

+ * [[pūpula]]

+ * [[puer]]

+ * [[en|pupil]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}