sapa Latin · revision 33217

+ {{infobox|confidence=uncertain|attested=234–149 BC, Cato}}

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''sapa''' ''f'' (genitive sapae); first declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ The origin is uncertain.^(de Vaan 2008) The OLD and Lewis & Short compare [[goh|saf|t=sap]] and [[ang|sæp|t=sap]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) De Vaan thinks a derivation from [[m|la|sapiō|t=to taste]], as in Pokorny and Ernout–Meillet, unlikely, since the Germanic and Armenian cognates also mean “sap”; he compares [[non|safe]] and [[ae|hə̄buuaṇt-|t=juicy?]], and holds that Old English and Dutch took their word from Latin.^(de Vaan 2008) The alternation of ⟨*sap-⟩ and ⟨*sab-⟩ in these forms suggests a loanword from a non-Indo-European source.^(de Vaan 2008) Wiktionary instead derives it from [[itc-pro|*sapā]] and [[ine-pro|*sab-|t=to taste]].^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan and Köbler date it from Cato.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is new wine boiled down, which Varro says was reduced to a half and Pliny the Elder to a third of its volume.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913) Ovid says the ancients drank it, Columella uses it to improve and strengthen wine, and Varro mixes it with meal to fatten snails.^(Georges 1913)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Martial also mentions it.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 234–149 BC – Cato has the word.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 116–27 BC – Varro, of must boiled down to a half.^(Georges 1913)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1st century AD – Columella, of strengthening wine.^(Georges 1913)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 23/24–79 AD – Pliny the Elder, of must boiled down to a third.^(Georges 1913)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # New wine or [[m|en|must]] boiled down to a fraction of its volume, a must syrup.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[dēfrūtum]]

+ * [[mustum]]

+ * [[en|sap]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}