accensus Latin · revision 33216

+ {{homograph|1|attendant}}

+

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=ine-pro *ḱns-eh₁-}}

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''accēnsus''' ''m'' (genitive ''accēnsī''); second declension^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ The attendant is [[der|la|accēnseō|t=to reckon in addition]], its participle used as a noun.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan lists it under [[m|la|cēnseō|t=to assess]], which he traces to [[itc-pro|*knsē-|t=to estimate]] and [[ine-pro|*ḱns-eh₁-|t=to announce]]; cognate with [[osc|censaum|t=to take the census]].^(de Vaan 2008) Varro reports that Cato called them ministrants.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Plautus has both senses in fragments:^(OLD 2012)^(de Vaan 2008) “where are the ''accensi''?” among a list of troops, and an ''accensus'' who called out noon.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In the army the ''accēnsī'' were supernumeraries.^(OLD 2012) Georges explains them as men added to the fifth property class who followed the legion as a reserve to fill its ranks; as they were clothed but not armed, they were called ''accēnsī velātī'', a term in Cicero's ''De re publica''.^(Georges 1913)^(OLD 2012) In Livy the third standard leads the ''accēnsī'', the troops least relied on.^(OLD 2012) In civil life an ''accēnsus'' was the attendant of a magistrate: in Livy each decemvir had one, Cicero mentions one at a funeral with the lictors, and the charter of Urso grants each duumvir an ''accēnsus'' with two lictors.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus, of supernumeraries and of an attendant who called the noon.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero, of the ''accēnsī velātī'' and of a magistrate's attendant.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy, of the decemvirs' attendants and of reserve troops.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # ''(military, usually plural)'' A [[m|en|supernumerary]] soldier;^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)^(Wiktionary) ''accēnsī velātī'', a class of reserve troops.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)^(Wiktionary)

+ # An [[m|en|attendant]] of a magistrate, an [[m|en|orderly]].^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ {{homograph|2|kindling}}

+

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=23/24–79 AD, Pliny the Elder|origins=la accendō}}

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''accēnsus''' ''m'' (genitive accēnsūs); fourth declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ The kindling is [[af|la|accendō|-tus|t1=to set alight]], a fourth-declension noun of action.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Pliny the Elder has it twice, of lighting torches and lamps; he names a gem from the lighting of lamps.^(TLL)^(Georges 1913)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Symmachus writes of helping the daylight by lighting lamps.^(TLL)^(Georges 1913) Lewis & Short note that one Pliny passage is doubtful, with ''assensu'' as a variant reading.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 23/24–79 AD – Pliny the Elder, of lighting lamps.^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 340–402 AD – Symmachus, of lighting lamps.^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|lighting]], [[m|en|kindling]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[accendō]]

+ * [[accēnseō]]

+ * [[cēnseō]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ ''Accēnsus'' is also the participle of [[accendō]] “kindled” and of [[accēnseō]] “reckoned among”.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}