inhumanitas Latin · revision 33213

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=81–43 BC, Cicero|origins=ine-pro *dʰǵʰ(e)m-ōn}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ɪ.nuːˈmaː.nɪ.taːs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [i.nuˈmaː.ni.tas]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''inhūmānitās''' ''f'' (genitive inhūmānitātis); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|inhūmānus|-tās|t1=inhuman, uncivil]].^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010) [[m|la|inhūmānus]] is the negative of [[m|la|hūmānus|t=human]],^(Wiktionary) which de Vaan derives from [[m|la|homō|t=man]]; he traces this to [[itc-pro|*χem-ō]] and [[ine-pro|*dʰǵʰ(e)m-ōn|t=earthling, human]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Cicero has it first,^(Köbler 2010) in the ''De oratore'' of refusing a request not out of pride or incivility, and in the speeches against Verres of Roman clemency turned into cruelty and inhumanity.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is first the lack of the politeness proper to civilized people, churlishness or discourtesy, and then the lack of human feeling, heartlessness.^(OLD 2012) Cicero uses it of savage cruelty, of unkindness, of the bad temper that is troublesome at any age, and of meanness: the Roman people, he says, does not love lavish banquets, but much less stinginess and meanness.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Church Latin keeps “inhumanity”.^(Stelten 1995) English [[m|en|inhumanity]] came from it in the late 15th century, through French or directly.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero, of incivility, cruelty and meanness.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * late 15th century – English [[m|en|inhumanity]].^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # Lack of courtesy, [[m|en|incivility]], [[m|en|churlishness]], unkindness.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Lack of human feeling, [[m|en|inhumanity]], [[m|en|cruelty]], [[m|en|barbarity]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # Stinginess, meanness.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[inhūmānus]]

+ * [[hūmānitās]]

+ * [[hūmānus]]

+ * [[crūdēlitās]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}