exsecratio Latin · revision 33207

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=81–43 BC, Cicero|origins=ine-pro *sh₂k-ro-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ɛks.sɛˈkraː.ti.oː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [eks.seˈkrat.t͡si.o]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''exsecrātiō''' ''f'' (genitive exsecrātiōnis); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+ Also spelled ''execrātiō''; the manuscripts use both spellings.^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|exsecror|-tiō|t1=to curse]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(TLL) [[m|la|exsecror]] is formed from [[m|la|ex|t=out]] and [[m|la|sacer|t=sacred, accursed]],^(Etymonline) which de Vaan traces to [[itc-pro|*sakro-|t=sacred]] and [[ine-pro|*sh₂k-ro-|t=sacred]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler dates it from Cicero,^(Köbler 2010) who has people leaving amid evil omens and curses in the ''Pro Sestio''.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is the act of cursing: Cicero calls a wish that someone be shipwrecked a curse worthy of Thyestes.^(Lewis & Short 1879) It is also the curse a man calls down on himself if he breaks a promise, a solemn oath: Cicero binds someone with such an oath and asks, of broken promises, where the oaths, the right hands and the embraces are.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Sallust, Livy and Tacitus use it of such oaths.^(Lewis & Short 1879) The Vulgate uses it for a thing to be cursed, an abomination.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Church Latin also has profanation and the loss of consecration.^(Stelten 1995) English [[m|en|execration]] comes from it, first in the late 14th century.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero, of curses and of oaths.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 86–34 BC – Sallust, of an oath.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 98–115 AD – Tacitus, of an oath.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 390–406 AD – The Vulgate, of an abomination.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * late 14th century – English [[m|en|execration]].^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # The act of cursing, a [[m|en|curse]], [[m|en|imprecation]], [[m|en|execration]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # A curse called down on oneself if one breaks a promise, a solemn [[m|en|oath]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(Ecclesiastical Latin)'' An [[m|en|abomination]];^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Stelten 1995) profanation, loss of consecration.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[exsecror]]

+ * [[sacer]]

+ * [[dīrae]]

+ * [[obtestātiō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}