criminosus Latin · revision 33202

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=81–43 BC, Cicero|origins=la crīmen}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [kriː.mɪˈnoː.sʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [kri.miˈnɔː.s̬us]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''crīminōsus''' (feminine crīminōsa, neuter crīminōsum, superlative crīminōsissimus); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|crīmen|-ōsus|t1=charge, accusation]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(TLL)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler dates it from Cicero,^(Köbler 2010) who fears his gratitude to someone might be held against him, ''mihi criminosum esse''.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Afranius has ''non sum tam criminosa quam tu, vipera'', “I am not as slanderous as you, you viper”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Of people it is given to accusing and slandering, and of speeches accusatory: Cicero calls a man bitter, slanderous, a demagogue and a troublemaker.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(OLD 2012) It is also what reflects badly on someone, shameful: Cicero says Verres never thought it shameful to have a cargo ship built openly for him.^(OLD 2012) Columella uses it of what was a criminal offence for a senator, owning more than fifty iugera.^(OLD 2012) Gellius has it of a wife, guilty and vicious.^(OLD 2012) Cassiodorus uses it as a noun, “a guilty man”,^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010) and in medieval Latin it is guilty or sinful, and as a noun a criminal or sinner.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero, of what can be held against someone.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1st century AD – Columella, of a criminal offence.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 165 AD – Gellius, of a guilty wife.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 485–c. 580 AD – Cassiodorus, “a guilty man”.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * Medieval Latin – Sinful; a sinner.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # [[m|en|accusatory|alt=Accusatory]], [[m|en|reproachful]], [[m|en|slanderous]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # Shameful, dishonouring; constituting a criminal offence.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Guilty, vicious;^(OLD 2012) ''(Medieval Latin)'' sinful.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ===Noun===

+ # ''(Late and Medieval Latin)'' A guilty man, a criminal; a [[m|en|sinner]].^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[crīmen]]

+ * [[crīminor]]

+ * [[crīminātiō]]

+ * [[en|criminal]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}